196 REV. R. A. BULLEN, B.A., ON EOLITHIC IMPLEMENTS. 
the flints of the Plateau drift is not always of the same tint. 
In some cases the colour is a deep dull brown,* in others 
there is more polish and a consequently brighter and richer 
colour, and in some few the tint is of a warm red. This 
latter tint also occurs, I know, in flints from the glacial 
gravels of Wells, Norfolk. 
§ VII. The Red-Clay-with-Flints—This brown or red stain 
is not derived from the colourmg matter of the “ red-clay- 
with-flints.” 
Mr. W. Whitaker, F.R.S.,f considers “that the clay-with- 
flints may be of many ages, and may be forming even at the 
present day, and that it is owing in great part to the slow 
decomposition of the chalk under atmospheric action.” To 
the residual flints and earthy matter “would be added the 
clayey and loamy wash from the Tertiary lands, and the 
remains of beds of that age left in pipes and hollows in the 
chalk.” 
In 1891, I made several excavations in the red-clay-with- 
flints, varying from three to eight feet deep, in the “ Great 
North Field” and “ Paradise” above Dunstall Priory, Shore- 
ham, Kent, in search for eolithic implements, in each case 
down to the undisturbed chalk. Among the objects in this 
red clay was an abundance of green-coated flints from the 
Thanet Sand, pebbles of the Woolwich-and-Reading beds, 
and Tertiary ferruginous Sandstone (Diestian), with angular 
fragments of flint as well as whole flints. 
In Otford Lane, near Halstead, on the other side of the 
Darent Valley, in the strawberry lands near Stockham Wood, 
a bed of entire or complete, dissolved-out, that is residual 
flints, occurs beneath the “red-clay-with-flints ” with the 
thickness of three or four feet. 
At Goodberry Farm, near Woodlands, there is no “ red- 
clay-with-flints,” but undisturbed Woolwich-and-Reading 
red and buff clays, overspread with plateau drift flints. 
But whatever the nature of the clay upon the chalk, the 
ochreous plateau drift always occurs above the clay and 
never in it. 
In this red clay natural flint flakes appear quite white and 
soft. The reason given for this is that the alumina of the 
clay has such power to extract the water of crystallization 
* Hence the Eoliths are sometimes alluded to as “ Old Brownies.” 
+ Geol. of London, vol. i, pp. 282-285 (Geol, Survey Memoir). 
