REV. R. A. BULLEN, B.A., ON EOLITHIC IMPLEMENTS. 197 
from the flint that the natural flint flakes in the clay are not 
stained but bleached, and are soft and light. They are also 
so completely desiccated by the clay that when placed in 
water they absorb it, and the air escaping through the water 
makes an effervescing sound. 
The soft white flints in the red clay are quite different 
from the hard compact ochreous flints of the plateau gravels ; 
and hence the red clay cannot have been the cause of the 
brown stain. 
§ VII. The ferruginous gravel—Specimens of plateau 
gravel from Madam’s Court Hill and Shepherd’s Barn, 
Shoreham, Kent, and from Blean near Canterbury, have 
on them evidences of having lain in a ferruginous matrix. 
Dr. Prestwich was much interested in these specimens. Mr. 
B. Harrison has also several, showing the same ferruginous 
incrustation upon them from the following localities in Kent, 
Parsonage Farm near Ash, Chimhams, between Kingsdown 
and Farningham, Terry’s Lodge above Wrotham. 
The distance from Blean to Madam’s Court Hill is not less 
than forty miles. 
It is evident, from the wide extent of the localities from 
which eoliths so encrusted have been obtained, that the 
ferruginous bed or probably iron pan, from which these 
eoliths and plateau gravels were derived, must have been of 
correspondingly wide extent on that now vanished Wealden 
range from which they have been carried by aqueous action 
in parallel directions. 
It is remarkable that the gravel at Parsonage Farm, from 
which many eoliths have been obtained, and where special 
excavations were made at the suggestion of the British 
Association in 1894, is also of the same character above 
mentioned, viz., an iron pan so hard that it had to be broken 
with the pick-axe. 
When we call to mind the very large number of fragments 
of ferruginous sandstone of Tertiary age which occur on 
and in the red-clay-with-flints, when we remember the 
ferruginous Diestian Sands at Lenham, Paddlesworth, and 
Les Noires Mottes, near Calais, we are strongly tempted to 
consider that these early Pliocene Crag beds, so widely 
extended in Pliocene times, must have been the source of 
the iron matrix in and from which, by percolation of water, 
these eoliths and gravels received their ochreous stain of 
various tints. 
The staining of flint is a somewhat obscure subject ; but 
