206 REV. R. A. BULLEN, B.A.. ON EOLITHIC IMPLEMENTS. 
Lower Greensand outcrop (C) when the Old Gravel (A) was 
being transferred from the higher (A) to the lower (B) level 
of the chalk by natural agencies along a continuous surface. 
The strata are set at too high an angle in Fig. 1 to show 
what is required here. 
“(A) Old Gravel in place. (B) Plateau Gravel derived 
from the Old Gravel. (C) Outcrop of the Lower Greensand. 
«The successive stages were :— 
“1, When the elevation of the Wealden area attained its 
maximum, there was certainly a considerable thickness of 
chalk on the surface, and this was necessarily exposed to: 
marine and atmospheric denudation. 
“2, The immediate result of this was the wearing away 
of the chalk and the trituration of the washed-out flints ; 
and thus the formation of a great bed of shingle—that of 
the Thanet Sands. 
«© 3. With continued wave-action, these shingle-banks were 
washed away and distributed at a lower level, to be the 
Pebble-beds of the ‘ Woolwich-and-Reading’ series, which 
had been formed in the meantime by rivers from the huill- 
ranges. The pebble-beds can now be seen at Addington, 
Blackheath, etc., extending to the very edge of the present 
chalk escarpment. 
“4, The deposits of this stage were next removed in part ; 
and in course of time the Diestian beds were laid against the 
flanks of the lowered and perhaps sinking range. Of these 
strata some limited patches, such as the Lenham beds, 
remain here and there ou what are now the Chalk Downs. 
«5, One or more accumulations of chalk-flint débris were 
formed at or about this stage of the history of the old Weal- 
den Range or Island, and were probably characterized by the 
presence of iron-oxide in greater quantity than im the 
common ferruginous gravels of the south-east of England at 
present. 
“Man, being present, used such pieces of the flint as 
suited his requirements. Probably, at first, with little or no 
alteration of form; but afterwards he applied them with 
definite modification of their shapes to meet his wants in 
killing, skinning, cutting, fire-making, rubbing, pounding, 
scraping, drilling, knocking, breaking, chopping, digging, 
etc., that is in tooling and other processes. 
“Such implements he made and left there, on that old, 
very old, probably pre-glacial ground (see Fig. 1). 
“6, This gravel extended down the side of the ‘dome’ 
