270 JOSHUA RUTLAND, ESQ., ON 
objects for which all languages have names (heaven, earth, 
moon, mountain, land, eye, etc.), twenty-seven Malayan 
words, giving evidence of a more advanced civilization, 
and of the existence of arts already in a state of perfection 
(‘Kriss’), sixteen Sanscrit words expressing religious ideas 
and abstract terms (time, cause, wisdom, etc.), five Arabian 
words relating to mythology, poetry, etc., two Javanese, 
Dravidian, Persian, Portuguese, Dutch, or English words, all 
relating to commerce. We see therefore that the language 
of the Malays explains, so to speak, under another form, 
the same facts as their physical characters.” 
In one respect the inhabitants of the Malay Archipelago, 
however rude, were in advance of the Polynesian natives. 
All have been acquainted with the use of metals as far back 
as we have any information. To discover whether this was 
amongst the arts introduced from Hindustan we must return 
to the Pacific. Scattered over the great ocean from the 
Carolines to Easter Island are the remains of stone edifices 
and other monuments, which could not have been constructed 
without metal implements. Though these ancient structures 
differ considerably, all clearly belong to the same epoch in 
the history of architecture. On comparing them with the 
Javanese ruins already mentioned, we are forced to conclude 
that they are the relics of a people much lower in the 
scale of civilization than the builders of the Buddhist and 
Brahminical temples. 
When Magellan crossed the Pacific the inhabitants of the 
Carolines were unacquainted with the use of metal. From 
subsequent voyagers we learn that all the Polynesian and 
Australasian people were in the same condition ; hence it has 
been inferred that they could not have been the architects of 
the monuments found in their midst. Assuming that these 
monuments are the remains of a people who occupied the 
islands previous to the present Polynesian race, we have to 
account for their being supplanted by a ruder population. 
If, on the other hand, we supposed the monuments were 
constructed by people who entered the islands since the 
present inhabitants took possession, we must ask why have 
they left no other trace of their existence. As none of the 
groups wherein the ancient monuments are found contamed 
the necessary metals, the builders, whoever they were, must 
have been supplied from without with implements or with 
the material for their fabrication. In various parts of the 
world, places once the homes of civilization are now unin- 
