292 R. H. MATHEWS, ESQ., L.S., ON 
may state that this subject was treated by me before the 
Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science, 
Section F, at Sydney, New South Wales, January, 1898.) 
Rock PAINTINGS. 
In a number of articles contributed to different ethno- 
logical and philosophical societies, I have given a short 
account of the first discovery of these drawings in several 
parts of Australia, and described the manner in which the 
different styles of rock paintings are produced by the native 
artists, so that it will not be necessary to again refer to 
these parts of the subject. I shall therefore proceed at 
once to describe the cave paintings. 
Cave 1.—This shelter is situated in a high escarpment ot 
Hawkesbury sandstone, known as “The Wallaby Rock,” 
near the left side of a small creek, about 15 chains in a 
north-easterly direction from the north-east corner of Portion 
No. 58 of 40 acres, in the parish of Bulga, county of Hunter. 
It is 85 feet long, and extends into the face of the cliff 
18 feet at the widest part; the height from the floor to the 
roof at the back of the recess is 8 feet, which increases to 
11 feet 6 inches at the entrance. The floor consists chiefly 
of soil and ashes, through which the rock protrudes in 
places. The front of the cave faces N. 60° W., and judging 
by the smoke-stains on the roof, as well as by the ashes on 
the floor, appears to have been used as a camping place by 
the aborigines. On digging into the floor, I found several 
stone-knives used by the natives in dressing the skins of 
animals, and for other purposes. 
The total number of hands in this shelter, all of which 
are shown in the plate, is ninety-seven, four of them being 
shut hands, and thirty nght hands. Some of them are smaller 
than others, and in several the arm is delineated almost to 
the elbow. Among the hands are a boomerang, and toma- 
hawk with handle, executed in white stencil in the same 
manner. There are also three groups of lines drawn in 
white; the first group contains eight lines 9 inches long, 
with a white bar across the top of them; the second group 
has ten white lines 2 feet long; and the third group eight 
lines 15 inches in length. White and red lines, similar in 
character to these, have been observed in a number of caves, 
and are worthy of careful study and comparison. On the 
left of the boomerang is a pick-shaped object drawn in red, 
