314 REV. S. M. ZWEMER, F.R.G.S., ON THE WAHABIS : 
the interest of the other. A marriage alliance, by which the 
daughter of Abd ul Wahab became the wife of Mohammed 
bin Saood, sealed their covenant. The preacher with his 
book and the warrior with his sword now stood on the same 
platform and were ready to begin conquest. Without 
Mohammed bin Saood and his powerful dynasty there would 
have been no Wahabi conquest. It is in the very nature of 
Islam and all its sects to grasp the sword which the prophet 
himself received from the hand of Allah. 
To give the history in detail of the rise of the Wahabi 
state and its bloody conflicts, first with the Arabs and after- 
ward against the Turks and Egyptians, as well as the history 
of the two British campaigns from India against the Wahabi 
pirates of Oman, is impossible in the narrow limits of this 
paper. By comparing various authorities I have prepared a 
genealogical table of the Saood dynasty and a_ brief 
chronology of the most important dates. Burckhardt’s 
notes for the history of the Wahabis are most interesting and 
valuable, but his account does not go beyond the year 1817. 
After that date we are dependent on Palgrave, who is not 
renowned for accuracy and frequently contradicts himself. 
As far as I can learn there is no Arabic history extant. The 
two accounts of the Wahabis in the French language are, 
according to Burckhardt, unreliable. But for the later history 
of the Wahabis, and the final collapse of their power, 
Doughty in his Arabia Deserta gives important data. 
The following is a brief account of the spread of the 
Wahabis and their conquests in Arabia :—Their conquests 
outside of Arabia were not by the sword, but by the cheap 
lithographic literature of Indian disciples. The reform 
started on its march of conquest soon after the arrival of 
Abd ul Wahab at Deraiah. Partly by persuasion and partly 
by force Saood gained victories over the neighbouring tribes, 
and even the province of Hassa. Before his death, in 1765, 
the whole of Nejd was one Wahabi state. Abd-ul-Aziz, his 
son, aud successor, a more able warrior than his father and of 
equal ambition, assumed the titles of Imamand Sultan. The 
provinces of Areesh and Nejran, to the south of Mecca, were 
added to the Wahabi dominions. Ghalib, the Shereef of 
Mecca, was filled with alarm, and, on his complaint, the 
Turkish Government sent an army of 5,000 to lay siege to 
Hofhoof, the capital of Hassa. They were repulsed, and the 
Wahabis now took the initiative by advancing toward 
Bagdad and laying siege to Kerbela. The town was stormed, 
