TIME DIVISIONS OF THE ICE AGE, 41} 
The paper itself may be divided into three portions :—First, a 
description of the glacial phenomena of North America, with which 
he has become familiar both by study and examination in the 
field. Secondly, the correlation of the glacial deposits and 
divisions of time of North America with those of Europe and the 
British Isles; and, thirdly, the question which does not necessarily 
arise in connection with this subject, although probably too 
tempting to be resisted, viz., the relation of the appearance of man 
on the earth to the Glacial epoch itself. 
Now as regards the first I have not a word of criticism to offer. 
I presume that Mr. Warren Upham is as competent an authority 
on the glacial phenomena of North America as is to be found 
in that country itself. 
With regatd to the correlation of the Pleistocene, or glacial 
deposits of North America with those of Europe and the British 
Islands, there is certainly room for considerable diversity of 
opinion. 
While I was engaged in the geological survey of the centre and 
north-west of England—in Lancashire, Cheshire, and other neigh- 
bouring portions of England, for a good many years—I made 
glacial phenomena a special study, and I came to the conclusion 
that in that part of the British Islands the whole of the glacial 
deposits may be divided into three successive stages. I have 
written them down on that board. The British series, as it was 
developed in Lancashire, Cheshire, Shropshire and the Midlands, 
consists of three distinct divisions; and I may say they are laid 
open in a most beautiful section about 150 feet in height, on the 
banks of the River Ribble, some miles above Preston. The base- 
ment division consists of dark red boulder clay, with pebbles and 
boulders often glaciated ; everyone who knows that part of England 
is familiar with the lower boulder clay. That is succeeded by 
a series, of perhaps 60 or 80 feet in thickness, of beautifully 
stratified sands and gravels as distinct as any formation could be 
from the underlying stiff boulder clay, and those gravels (forming 
the interglacial series) are again overlain by boulder clay which is 
more or less laminated, and contains small blocks of rock. This 
forms the upper boulder clay. [The Secretary here eaplained the 
drawing on the board.| Now what the relations of these divisions 
may be to those that Mr. Warren Upham has described is not 
perfectly clear, Still I think we may correlate them in this way— 
