TIME DIVISIONS OF THE ICE AGRE, A415 
beaches. The Initial Stage (Ozarkian uplift) was probably coin- 
cident with the great elevation of the lands and ocean-bed, during 
which the submerged river channels were eroded down through 
the continental platform both in Europe and America, 
Professor J. Logan Losiey, F.G.S.—The thanks of the Members 
of the Institute are, I am sure, due to Mr. Warren Upham for 
his interesting and suggestive paper, and we are also much 
indebted to Professor Hull for his very lucid additional exposition 
of the subject of the paper. 
Although I can make no claim to be any authority on the great 
glacial question, I may perhaps be allowed to say a few words on 
some of the important points raised by Mr. Upham. 
With Professor Hull’s opinion that the Somme Valley has been 
cut since the glaciation of Northern France I am quite inclined to 
agree. The well-known Bedfordshire valley of the Ouse has 
been cited as evidence of an important valley formed subsequently 
to the age of the boulder clay, and of the advent of man not 
being pre-glacial. But may I not ask, have we not in the Thames 
Valley similar evidence? There is boulder clay at Finchley, but 
none in the lower levels of the great Thames Valley. No human 
implements have been found anywhere in this valley in beds older 
than the Pleistocene gravels and brick-earths which contain abun- 
dant mammalian remains, as at Acton, where human implements 
in considerable numbers occur, as shown by Mr. Allen Brown. The 
important discoveries of implements in the Somme Valley by 
Boucher de Perthes and Prestwich were in similar flint river 
gravels, indicating, I think, a similar period for the formation of 
that valley. The Miocene beds of the Alps, 5,000 feet above 
sea-level,and the Phocenes of Hast Anglia, indicate a submergence 
of this part of the earth’s surface in Pliocene times when instead 
of erosion there would be a deposition, but subsequently at the 
close of the Glacial epoch the conditions, from the great melting 
of ice and snow on higher ground, would be favourable to the 
rapid cutting of chalk valleys consequent upon the combined 
erosive and solvent action of water. Thus the evidence appears to 
be in favour of the view that man was not pre-glacial; that is, not 
before the glaciation of Mid-Europe ; for a ‘‘ Glacial period” may 
be said to be still in existence in Greenland and the Polar Regions, 
due to high latitudes, while the glaciation of regions further 
from the poles was due, I believe, to greater elevation of land 
