cooper] bibliography OF TEIBES OF TIERRA DEL FUEGO 5 



survivors. Of this number 40 to 50 live ou Beagle Channel and per- 

 haps as many more beyond Murray Narrows southward as far as but 

 not beyond WoUaston Island. Practically all have largely given up 

 their native culture. 



alaCaluf 



Namss 



The western canoe-using Fuegians are the Alacaluf. The name is 

 variously spelled. The following are the chief forms given by first- 

 hand investigators: Alacaluf, Alakaluf, or Alacalouf (Th. Bridges, 

 Tc, 233; Bove, a, h, c, d; Hyades, g, 12; Martial, 129, 184; Beauvoir, 

 h, 14; the Salesians, as in Cojazzi, 15; Morales, 62); Alaculuf or Ala- 

 culoof (Th. Bridges, h, Apr. 1, 1880, 74; Oct. 1, 1881, 226-227 and usu- 

 ally thereafter; e, 331; h, 203, 210; j, 313; Lovisato, 6, 129; c, 720); 

 Alucaluf (Spegazzini, a, 4); Alukoeliif (Spegazzini, c, 132); Aloocu- 

 loof (Th. Bridges, h, Feb. 2, 1874, 26); Alookooloop or Alukulup 

 (Skottsberg, a, xxxii, 592; d, 578); Alokolup /Skottsberg, h, 240); 

 AUkhoolip (Fitz-Roy, a, 132, 140-141). Still other forms occur in 

 anthropological literature, as Alikuluf or Alikaluf (Chamberlain, 

 a, 89; Brinton, c, 331, for former), Alikoolif (Despard, 6, 717), but 

 these do not appear to have any independent value. 



It is difficult to decide which is the true pronunciation. Perhaps 

 it varies on the natives' lips, and probably too, given the great diffi- 

 culty of catching Alacalufan words correctly, investigators have 

 heard it differently. In the present work I have adopted the form 

 Alacaluf, without presuming, of course, to decide against the other 

 forms that rest on good first-hand evidence. 



Admiral Fitz-Roy, the first investigator to use the name, desig- 

 nated by it the natives of the islands south of the Strait of Magellan 

 from the western end of Beagle Channel to Cape PiUar (loc. cit.). 

 From the uniformity with which explorers and residents since his 

 time have used the name we may infer that it is the one by which the 

 natives call themselves; although Dr. Skottsberg is the only writer, 

 so far as I have observed, who expressly states so (6, 240, 242-243). 

 Its meaning is not known. 



Admiral Fitz-Roy (a, 132) gave the name Huemuls to the canoe- 

 using Indians of Otway and Skyring Waters, because he found them 

 in possession of many skins of that animal. He thought that they 

 were perhaps a branch of Father Falkner's Yacanas or a mixed Pata- 

 gonian and Fuegian people. This surmise, indorsed to a certain ex- 

 tent by Dr. Brinton [c, 331) and by Dr. Latcham (282-283), is rather 

 contradicted by the linguistic (Lista, e, 41; J. Simpson, h, 88) and cul- 

 tural data from this region, both being Alacalufan. According to the 

 Rev. Mr. Bridges (i, in Hyades, q, 12), the Alacaluf used to go on 

 hmiting expeditions to the thick forests of western and southern 



