8 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. U3 



The chief older opinions are those of Admiral Fitz-Roy, Capt. Bove, 

 Mr. Whaits, cited by Dr. Lovisato, and Mr. Thomas Bridges, quoted 

 by Dr. Hyades. 



Admiral Fitz-Roy divided the above territory between the Peche- 

 rays of the central part of the Strait of Magellan, the Huemuls of 

 Otway and Skyring Waters, and the Chonos of the territory between 

 the north shore of the western end of the strait and Cape Tres Montes 

 (a, 182, 142, 189). The Chonos were, he surmised, the survivors of 

 the ancient Chonos Archipelago natives who had been driven south 

 of Taitao Peninsula (a, 142). Each of the above three tribes, he 

 states (a, 132), spoke a different language and was distinguished by 

 certain cultural and physical characters. Admiral Fitz-Roy was 

 followed by Dr. Ratzel (b) in calling the West Patagonian Channel 

 natives Chonos. Dr. Coppinger more cautiously calls (54; ill. <)]j]). 

 p. 50) the natives south of the Gulf of Penas "Channel Fuegians." 



Capt. Bove (h, e, ethnologic map) marks most of this territory as 

 Chonoan, adding, however, a question mark. Dr. Lovisato (c, 720), 

 on the contrary, ascribes it more confidently to the Alacaluf , citing 

 Mr. Whaits, of the English Mission, as his authority. 



Dr. Hyades (q, map, and pp. 12-14, quoting Mr. Thomas Bridges; 

 cf. also Martial, 184) divides the territory in question between the 

 Alacaluf of the northern shore of the Strait, including Brunswick 

 Peninsula, King William IV Land, Munoz Gamero Peninsula and the 

 southern shores of Otway and Skyring Waters, and the Chonos of the 

 West Patagonian Channels, including Obstruction Sound and Ultima 

 Speranza Inlet, from the Queen Adelaide Archipelago north. 



How much reliance can be put on these divisions ? None of the 

 above authorities, except, perhaps, to a very limited extent Mr. 

 Bridges, spoke the Alacaluf an tongue, and none except Admiral Fitz- 

 Roy and perhaps Mr. Bridges had personal knowledge of the terri- 

 tory west of Cape Froward and the Brecknock Peninsula region (Bove, 

 a, 790; 6, 133; c, 124; d, Arch, per I'antr., 288; see also itinerary of 

 Bove expedition in Bove, a, h, or c; Hyades, q, 12). Capt. Bove does 

 not give the grounds for his hypothetical division. Dr. Lovisato's is 

 based on information given him by the Rev. Mr. Wliaits of the 

 Ushuaia Mission, while Dr. Hyades quotes the Rev. Mr. Bridges, who 

 gave him ''indications tres precises" at Paris in 1886 (Hyades, q, 

 405). 



At the time of the French and Italian explorers' visits in 1882-83, 

 neither Mr. Bridges nor Mr. Wliaits had had any but very limited 

 contact with the Alacaluf, and neither spoke the Alacalufan lan- 

 guage (Hyades, q, 13), although a little later (in 1884) Mr. Bridges 

 and his son Despard were compiling an Alacalufan dictionary (Th. 

 Bridges, t). Alacaluf at times put in an appearance at the Ushuaia 

 Mission (Hyades, q, 13), and individuals of this tribe occasionally 



