cooper] bibliography OF TEIBES OF TIEREA DEL FUEGO 23 



right identity, or else community of stem, prefix, or suffix. On the 

 other hand the remaining differences would seem to be sufficiently 

 accounted for by the presence of Yahgan and Ona-Tehuelche words, 

 and by the errors, inevitable in the circumstances under which the 

 lists were gathered. 



In H and Fi there is an appreciable percentage of Yahgan words, 

 at least 10 per cent and probably considerably more. The majority 

 of words for which the Yahgan equivalent is given in the notes to the 

 preceding glossary are clearly of Yahgan provenance. The proxi- 

 mate publication of the Rev. Mr. Bridges' dictionary (Th. Bridges, 

 T) will make possible a more thorough study of this point. Further 

 traces of Yahgan influence, especially in H, are apparently discern- 

 ible in the predominance of ou and a sounds, in the frequency of 

 successions of single vowel syllables,, and in the occasional endings 

 -ndg.i, -ndoulou, -ndouloum, all characteristic of the Yahgan tongue 

 (Hyades, g, 217-218, 322, passim; Spegazzini, c, 138, 140). 



The presence of this considerable Yahgan element in H and Fi is 

 readily accounted for. According to Mr. Bridges (6, Oct. 1, 1881, 

 227; Feb. 2, 1874, 26; June 1, 1883, 139), Admiral Fitz-Roy's three 

 Alacalufan informants belonged to partly Alacalufan and partly 

 Yahgan nuxed stock. They were taken in the region between 

 Brecknock Peninsula and Christmas Sound, where there was much 

 contact, intermarriage, and linguistic borrowing between the two 

 peoples^ (cf. supra, pp. 3, 7). 



Dr. Hyades evidently did not have any assistance from the English 

 missionaries in compiling his Alacalufan vocabulary, for he was 

 under the impression that no one at the mission knew anything at all 

 about Alacalufan (Hyades, c[, 13). His informant, KitamaoyoeUs 

 Kipa, an Alacalufan woman 40 to 45 years old (Hyades, ([, 272, 224, 

 Table IV, no. 25), bom at Kitamaoya, in western Alacalufan terri- 

 tory ((/, 106), was at the time living at Orange Bay, in the heart of 

 the Yahgan territory. She and her sister were both married to a 

 Yahgan man. She told Dr. Hyades, it is true, that she remembered 

 well the language of her native land, and the Yahgans at Orange Bay 

 seemed to be convinced of the truth of her assertion, but she had been 

 married to her Yahgan husband for many years, as they had a 

 13-year-old daughter (Hyades, §, 272, 224, 411-412, Table V, 

 no. 36), and she had in all likeUhood been living during these years 

 among Yahgans. It is not surprising, therefore, that she should have 

 lost to some extent the knowledge of her native tongue and should 

 have used many Yahgan words even when speaking Alacalufan. 

 The Fuegians apparently soon forget their native tongue, for Jemmy 



1 Many years later Fuegia Basket, one of Admiral Fitz-Roy's natives, conversed with the Rev. Mr. 

 Bridges in Yahgan, which she understood and spoke, although Alacalufan was her own tongue (Th, 

 Bridges, 6, 1874, 26; 1883, 139). 



64028°— Bull. 63—17 ^8 ■ 



