cuoi'Ek] bibliography OF TRIBES OF TIERRA DEL FUEGO 35 



farewell to the Chonos the two missionaries ''qua verbis, qua gestis" 

 (Del Techo, 160) indicated their desire to remain with their neo- 

 phytes for good. 



The gigantic Indians met by the 1641 expedition spoke a language 

 not understood by the members and suggestive of the gull's cries 

 (Resales, a, vol. i, 106), though it is barely possible that there is a 

 question here of Tehuelches. Father Resales elsewhere states (&, 

 quoted by Medina, a, 94-95) that the Chonos' speech was different 

 from that of the Chilotans. 



Bartolome Gallardo, who had been born and reared in Chiloe, and 

 who certainly must have spoken Chilotan, the Araucanian dialect in 

 almost as common use among the Spaniards as among the Indians of 

 Chiloe, had to use an interpreter in order to question a native woman 

 of the Moraleda Channel and Gulf of Penas region (An. Iiidr., xi, 530; 

 cf. also 527, 532). De Vea, who seemingly did not understand Chilo- 

 tan, used tandem interpreters, speaking, respectively, Spanish and 

 Chilotan, and Chilotan and Chono, to communicate with the old 

 Chono woman whom he captured on Xavier Island in the east end 

 of the Gulf of Penas {An. hidr., xi, 576, 578). No one in Chiloe knew 

 the language spoken by Father Pietas' gigantic Caucahues (Gay, 

 Doc, I, 504), apparently a canoe-using people, as some of them were 

 found on an island (ibid.). Father Olivares (Col. Jiist. Chile, vii, 5, 

 372, 394), who had probably been in touch with the Chonos at the 

 Huar Island Mission, states clearly that the Chonos or natives of the 

 southern islands spoke a language different from the Chilotan. 



Alex. Campbell states (62, 74) that the guttural language of the 

 Indians who guided his party from Wager Island to Chiloe was ''quite 

 different" from the soft tongue spoken by the Chilotan Indians. 

 Father Garcia (h, in Hervas, a, 16 and h, vol. i, 125-126), who had 

 had most intimate contact with the Chonos at the Cailin Mission and 

 in the Guaianecos Islands, although he did not apparently speak 

 their language, is very positive in asserting that the Araucanian 

 tongue was quite different from the tongue (s) spoken by the sea- 

 faring Indians south of Chiloe. 



Machado (An. liidr., xiv, 86, 121), Fathers Marin and Real (Gon- 

 zalez de Agiieros, 218, 236), and Fathers Menendez and Bargas (ibid. 

 245), aU apparently had to make use of interpreters to converse with 

 the natives of the Chonos Archipelago and the Gulf of Penas. Finally 

 Father Molina's Caucaus, of medium stature, whose clothing con- 

 sisted of seal skins, spoke a language "assai diversa" from the 

 Chilien (h, 340). 



D'Orbigny (h, vol. iv, pt. 1, 185) and Dr. Brinton (c, 325) classed 

 the Chonos with the Araucanian hnguistic stock, and more recently 

 Drs. Weule (52) and Krickeberg (140) state that the Chonos were 

 akin linguistically to the Araucanians. But none of these authors, 



