cooi'Eul BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TRIBES OF TIERRA DEL FUEGO 3 



earlier nineteenth century explorers dubbed tliem, from the word 

 constantly on their lips, Yammascoonas, which means "be generous" 

 (Garbe, 362; Hyades, q, 314; Martial, 30; Noguera). Admiral Fitz- 

 Roy called one section of them by mistake Tekeenicas («, 137), from 

 tehianaca, 'not seen before, strange' (Th. Bridges, h, 207; Lovisato, 

 c, 721; Dabbene, h, 169), or Tac-cy-yennica-owena, 'stranger men' 

 (Despard, b, 746, 717). Cf. also discussion of origin of this name in 

 Lovisato, c, 721; Martial, 209; Hyades, q, 282; Th. Bridges and 

 Despard, 11. c. 



The Alacaluf captured and taken aboard by Admiral Fitz-Roy 

 called the Yahgans, Yapoos (Fitz-Roy, a, 203; King, 428), from the 

 Yahgan word am^)^^, 'otter' (Th. Bridges, Ji, 207; Despard, h, 717). 



Territory 



In the last century and probably from much earlier times the 

 Yahgans occupied the shores of Beagle Channel and the islands south 

 to Cape Horn. To the east they extended to the eastern end of 

 Beagle Channel, and at times at least cruised nearly to the Straits of 

 Lemaire (de Brosses, ii, 208). To the west they reached as far as the 

 western end of Beagle Channel, and, on Tierra del Fuego Island's 

 shores and some of the islands to the southwest, even to Brecknock 

 Peninsula (Th. Bridges, h, Oct. 1, 1884, 224). This latter point was 

 in a broad sense the natural dividing line between the Yahgans and 

 Alacaluf; of it Prof. Furlong (j; cf. also r, 174) writes: "To round the 

 weather side of the long reach of Brecknock Peninsula, with its frown- 

 ing cliffs and scarcely a landing place, in frail canoes, was something 

 which only the most daring occasionally undertook. While to pass 

 over its barren, unexplored mountain heights for these canoemen was 

 impossible." 



Between Good Success Bay and the eastern end of Beagle Channel 

 there was considerable contact, linguistic borrowing, bartering, and 

 intermarriage with the Onas (Th. Bridges, h, Mar. 1, 1876, 59; 

 e, 332; i, cited by Hyades, q, 10; Lovisato, c, 720, citing Whaits; 

 Hahn, c, 340; Martial, 185, 192). An equal or perhaps even greater 

 amount of mingling with the Alacaluf occurred in the more or less 

 mixed or neutral zone between Brecknock Peninsula and the western 

 end of Beagle Channel (Th. Bridges, h, Feb. 2, 1874, 26-27; Oct. 1, 

 1881, 227; e, 332; Ic, 234; Lovisato, c, 720, citing Whaits; Spegaz- 

 zini, a, 13). 



Dr. Spegazzini (a, 4) was told that there were remains of other 

 tribes or subtribes in Yahgan territory, and he mentions in particular 

 the Parri of Hermite Island and the Adwipliin of Londonderry 

 Island. Prof. Furlong (h, 129; j) more recently divides the Yahgans 

 into four family groups: the well-formed natives of the eastern 

 Beagle Channel and vicinity, the big-headed, ugly, powerful Lennox 



