2 BUREATT OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY rBui-r.. r.s 



The })il)liograpliies of somatology and linguistics arc designed to bo 

 as exhaustive as possil)le; those dealing with culture are selective and 

 are cast iii the form of cultm'al outlines with emphasis on the biblio- 

 graphical side. 



Throughout the present work the term Antlu'opology is used in the 

 broadest sense to include everytliing relating to the natives directly. 

 The terms Somatology and Culture are employed for physical and 

 cultural anthropology, respectively. Language would logically be 

 included under culture, but for practical purposes the liberty has 

 been taken of classifying it as the third subdivision of general an- 

 thropology. 



General Division of Tribes 



The Fuegian Archipelago is mhabited by three distinct tribes, the 

 Yahgans of the south, the Alacaluf of the west, and the Onas of the 

 east. The first two spend the greater part of their time on the 

 water, whence their common name "Canoe Indians," while the 

 natives of the third tribe have neither canoes nor horses, and are 

 known as "Foot Indians." The three languages are, lexically at 

 least, distinct, but the physical and cultural differences are in the 

 main less marked between the Yahgans and Alacaluf than between 

 these two tribes on the one hand and the Onas on the other. Of the 

 Haush or Manekenkn sub tribe and of the "West Patagonian Canoe 

 Indians" more will be said below. 



The Chonos occupied the archipelagos between the Guaitecas 

 Islands and the Taitao Peninsula or the Gulf of Penas. Somato- 

 logically and culturally they resembled their more southerly neigh- 

 ]:)ors, the Canoe Indians. Whether or not they spoke a language 

 distinct from the Alacalufan can not be decided in the present state 

 of our knowledge. 



YAHGANS 



Names 



The most southerly of the Fuegians, and also the most southerly 

 people of the world, are the Yahgans. The name is variously spelt 

 Yagan, Yakan, Yaghan, etc., but should not be confused with the 

 entirely distinct Yacana, Yacana-cunnee. The name Yahgan was 

 given these Indians by the Rev. Thomas Bridges, from Yahga, their 

 native name for the Murray Narrows district, a locality much fre- 

 quented by them (Th. Bridges, h, Apr. 1, 1880, 74; h, 207.) They 

 caU themselves Yamana, that is, "living," "alive" (Th. Bridges, i^, 

 207), or "men" (Th. Bridges, 11. c; Hyades, q, 14; Bove, a, 790; 

 6, 132; c, 125; (7, Arch., 288; Cojazzi, 15; Dabbene, h, 170; Lehmaim- 

 Nitschc, d, 230-231 ; Furlong, j; h, 126; Outes, </, 136). ^ Some of tiie 



I The small (lower case italic) letters denote the correspondinp; article or book under the author's name 

 in the Author Bibliography. The numbers, of course, refer to tlie pages. Where under the .same letter 

 in the bibliography two or more editions or traaslations are Riven, the page cited is from the lirst one 

 entered thereunder, unless otherwise expre.ssly stated. 



