rooPER] BTBLIOGEAPHY OF TETBES OF TIEEEA DEL FUEGO 43 



cheeks," and La Guilbaudiere described the iUacaluf as white- 

 skmned (4), as L'Hermite described the Yahgans (41). 



So far, therefore, as our records go, there seems to be no suthcient 

 ground for positing a tribal difference between the Chonos and the 

 Fuegians proper on the score of physical appearance. 



Osteology. — Dr. Medina gives (a, 108) the measurements of a cra- 

 nium described simply as "antiguo" from the Chonos Islands, and of 

 a calvaria listed as "mui antiguo" from Puerto Americano. Dr. 

 Latcham studied three crania from the Chonos Islands and thi'ee 

 from the Guaitecas Islands (281). Dr. Hidtkrantz measured one 

 cranium from the Guaitecas Islands (a, 43-45). This material is not 

 very extensive, it is true, but all three wi'iters agree that the Chono 

 sloiU shows a manifest affinity with the Fuegian (Medina, a, 110-111) 

 and particularly the Alacalufan (Latcham, 281-282; Hultkrantz, a, 

 46) cranial type (cf. also Hyades, g, 45). 



The fact that the crania just mentioned, as well as those described 

 by Prof. Flower (178; 2d ed., 309-310) and Dr. Outes (c, 219), have a 

 somewhat higher average cephalic index than the Alacalufan may be 

 an indication that the Chonos had a certain strain of Chilotan blood, 

 if the Araucanians be classified as brachycephalic, or had at least 

 mixed to some extent with some brachycephalic people. But there 

 seems to be no weU-grounded doubt of their fundamental somato- 

 logical identity with the Fuegians, the Fuegian cranial type being 

 one easily recognizable. 



C. Chonoan Culture 



As far as culture is concerned, uniformity even to many minute 

 details has prevailed over the whole area from the Guaitecas Islands 

 to Dawson Island and Beagle Channel (cf. for details Subject Bibli- 

 ography, under Culture). 



Two apparent exceptions are the bow and arrow and the plank 

 boat. The bow and arrow has, it is true, been more commonly used 

 in the Strait, but on the other hand has not been entirely absent from 

 the West Patagonian coast. Byron's natives, for instance, used 

 "bows and arrows sometimes, but always the lance" (a, 129). The 

 plank boat, probably of Araucanian origin, has to aU appearances 

 migrated south and east quite independently of tribal lines. For 

 details regarding these two cultural elements and Chonoan-Fuegian 

 culture in general see the Subject Bibliography under Material 

 Culture. 



Then, too, there is evidence that a certain minor and superficial 

 Araucanian or Chilotan cultural influence has passed down the 

 Chonoan and West Patagonian coast, weakening as it neared the 

 Strait of Magellan. 



