46 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY \nvhh.r,?. 



To sum up the relations between the Chonos and Alacaluf, the 

 question of their hnguistic relations must for the present be left 

 open, although there appears to be a very slight preponderance of 

 evidence in favor of linguistic (Hsparity. The Chonoan cranial type 

 is fundamentally the same as the Alacalufan but seems to give indi- 

 cations of a certain amount of racial mixing between the Chonos 

 and some other people, perhaps the Araucanians. Culturally, 

 apart from a negligible Araucanian influence, the Chonos and Ala- 

 caluf are practically identical. 



Present Condition of the Chonos and Alacaluf 



At the time of the Spanish conquest the Chonos Archipelago was 

 thinly populated (Del Techo, 160). Cortes Hojea on his return 

 journey seems to have met no natives at all. A little over half a 

 century later when the first missionaries went to the Guaitecas 

 Islands they baptized some two hundred-odd natives, probably all 

 or nearly all they encountered, as the Indians received them in a 

 very friendly spirit (Del Techo, 160-161; Lozano, ii, 561). 



The relations between the Chilotans and Chonos were to a certain 

 extent unfriendly from very early times. The 10 Chilotan rowers 

 who accompanied Fathers Venegas and Estevan in 1612 to the 

 Guaitecas Islands had participated in earlier raiding (Lozano, ii, 

 455), while the Guaitecas Indians in turn used to capture the more 

 southern Huillis and keep them in a sort of servitude or sell them to 

 the Chilotans (Del Techo, 160). 



The feud between the Chilotans and Chonos was patched up by 

 the missionaries (Olivares, 372-373),. but soon broke out again. The 

 Chonos used to steal iron and wearing apparel from the Chilotans; 

 the Chilotans retaliated by punitive expeditions among the former, 

 on which they would kill the men and take captive the women and 

 children (Ohvares, 394, 373). Finally in 1710 more than 30 

 Chono families surrendered and were settled under the Jesuit mis- 

 sionaries on the island of Huar or Guar in the Gulf of Reloncavi. 

 Being well treated, their example was followed by others until the 

 number swelled to 200 families, or more than 500 souls, so that two 

 more islands in the vicinity were ceded to them as "reservations." 

 They or some of them were still there in 1736 (Olivares, 394), but in 

 1795 when Moraleda visited Huar he found Spaniards only and no 

 Indians on the island (Moraleda, 474; Fonck, ii, 172). 



Some of the Guaianecos Indians were brought back in 1745 and 

 established on the island of Chonchi. In 1765 the island of Cailin 

 was set aside as a mission for the Chonos. Hither came many 

 Caucahues and later Calens (Garcia, a, 3, 25). In 1779 Fathere 

 Marin and Real persuaded 11 of the Guaianecos natives to return 

 with them to Chiloe, and a year later 30 or 32 returned with Fathers 



