coopERl BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TEIBES OF TIEREA DEL FITEGO 49 



enum, Shilk'enum, Shilkanan (Furlong, li; cf., also, sMVFeTian 

 cho'n, cJio'un, cho'wun, the Ona words for man, ibid.) . 



The nearly extinct sub tribe just referred to are called by the other 

 Onas Haush (pronounced Howsh) (Furlong, j, 1-), Hauss (Cojazzi, 

 100), Haus (Beauvoir, h, 171), Hush or H6§' (Skottsberg, c, 307-308; 

 d, 615). According to Mi". Lucas Bridges, they call themselves 

 Manekenkn (L. Bridges, h; Lehmann-Nitsche, d, 233). Dr. Dab- 

 bene (b, 269) has Manekenkn. The name is apparently the same as 

 Mac-ck, which Dr. Spegazzini used for the Onas whom he met in 

 1882 (a, 16). 



In the present paper the name Ona is used to include both the 

 Shilk'nam and Manekenkn. 



Tekkitory 



The Onas formerly occupied the whole of the large island of Tierra 

 del Fuego, excepting the shores of Useless Bay and Admiralty 

 Somid, which were intermittently at least frequented by the Alacaluf , 

 and the strip of land between Beagle Channel and the mountain 

 range paralleling it, which the Yahgans inhabited. The Onas were 

 in touch with the Alacaluf in the western part of the island, probably 

 crossing at times to Dawson Island, as the Rev. Mr. Bridges found 

 the Dawson Islanders almost as much Onan as Alacalufan in lan- 

 guage and appearance (b, June 1, 1883, 139; Feb. 1, 1886, 33; cf. 

 also Oct. 1, 1881, 226 ; Tc, 234, on N. and E. coast of Onisin the Alacaluf 

 knew the Ona tongue; Lovisato, c, 720, citing Whaits). They were 

 likewise in contact with the Yahgans between Beagle Channel and 

 Good Success Bay, trading and intermarrying with them (Th. 

 Bridges, h, Mar. 1, 1876, 59; Lovisato, c, 720; Martial, 185, 192; 

 Hahn, c, 340; Th. Bridges, i, quoted in Hyades, g, 10), occasion- 

 ally raidmg and hunting into the Yahgan territory of Navarin 

 Island (Furlong, verbal commmiication ; Fitz-Roy, a, 205-206, 

 325-326), and stealing wives from the Beagle Channel Yahgans 

 (Despard, h, 717). The Onas made their first appearance at Ushuaia 

 Mission in 1884 (Hyades, q, 7), but smce then they have been and are 

 frequently seen along Beagle Channel, especially around Harberton. 



It is likely enough that in earlier times the Onas may have been 

 in touch with the Tehuelches of the mainland. The fact that they 

 do not use canoes now is not conclusive proof that they never either 

 made use of or borrowed them. Cf. for details on this point Subject 

 Bibliography, under Navigation, pages 195, 196. 



Shilk'nam and Manekenkn Relations 



The greater part of the island of Tierra del Fuego is or was occu- 

 pied, as we have seen, by the Shilk'nam, while the extreme south- 

 eastern peninsula — from Sloggett Bay to Polycarp Cove (Furlong, 



