60 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY T bull. 63 



etc."), 1764-65, A; Duclos-Guyot, 1765-66, A; Garcia, 1766-67, 

 C, A?; Wallis, 1767, A; Bougainville, 1768, A; Machado, 1768-69, 

 C; Jas. Cook, 1st (Banks, Parkinson, author of Journal of . . . 

 Endeavor), 1769, M; Jas. Cook, 2d, (G. Forster, J. R. Forstcr), 1774, 

 M and Y or A; Marin-Real, 1778-89, C; Menendez-Bargas, 1779-80, 

 C; de Cordoba, 1st, 1786, A; Moraleda, 1786-1788, 1792-1796, C; de 

 Cordoba, 2d, 1788-89, A. 



History of Investigation 



The name that stands out most prominently in the history of 

 Fuegian investigation is that of the Rev. Thomas Bridges. His 

 researches were confined in the main to Yahgan culture and language, 

 but in addition he became sufficiently familiar with the other two 

 Fuegian peoples to establish for the first time definitely the general 

 tri])al relations in the Magellanic archipelago. 



yaiigans 



From 1624 when the Yahgans were first visited by L'Hermite until 

 1858 when the first group of Yahgans came to Keppel mission in the 

 Falklands little appreciable progress in Yahgan anthropology was 

 made, if we except Admiral Fitz-Roy's discovery of the existence of 

 two distinct languages in the southern Fuegian archipelago. The 

 Yahgans were visited successively by d'Arquistade in 1715, by Wed- 

 dell in 1823-24, by the Beagle expeditions in 1829-32, by the Wilkes 

 and Ross expeditions in 1839 and 1842, respectively, and by Capt. 

 Snow and other English missionaries in the fifties. 



The modern study of the Yahgans and their language reall}' begins 

 with the arrival of the missionary party under the Rev. Mr. Despard 

 at Cinco-Mai Harbor, Navarin Island, in the spring of 1857 (Despard, 

 h, 718). By the end of 1858 he had gathered nearly 1,000 Yahgan 

 words, and in 1863 published a few notes on Yahgan grammar. 



But, if the Rev. Mr. Despard was the pioneer in the field of Yahgan 

 linguistics, it is to the genius and labors of a successor, the Rev. 

 Thomas Bridges, that we are indebted for most of what we know of 

 the Yahgan tongue. His remarkable studies, begun in the late 

 fifties or early sixties, culminated in the compilation of his large dic- 

 tionary completed in 1879, the translation of his three New Testament 

 books in 1881-1886, and the publication of his larger grammar in 

 1893. Other papers from his pen treated nearly the whole field of 

 Yahgan culture. 



The more important new results of the Italo-Argentinian expedition 

 in 1882 and the French Cape Horn expedition in 1882-83, with the 

 subsequent studies by Drs. Hyades and Deniker, Mantegazza and 

 Regalia, and Sergi, were in the field of somatolog3\ 



