70 



BUREAU OP AMERICAN ETIINOLOfiY 



[bull. 63 



Burney, James 



A chronological history of the voy- 

 ages and discoveries in the South iSea 

 or Pacific Ocean, 5 vols., London, 

 1803-1817. 



Bumey omits much of the Fuegian anthro- 

 pological material, and often leaves it out alto- 

 gether, but his work is invaluable as a means of 

 general orientation for the study of the Magel- 

 laiiiee.xplorers. 



Bynoe, Benjamin 



Journal. (Quoted in Fitz-Roy, a, 

 pp. 197-199.) 



Contains a good description of a group of na- 

 tives met in the Gulf of Trinidad on the second 

 Beagle expedition. Of special interest is the de- 

 tailed description of the unusually large plank- 

 boat they were using. It was nearly 30 feet long 

 and 7 feet wide, with proportionate depth. 



Byron, Jolin 



(a) The narrative of the Honourable 

 John Byron (commodore in a late expe- 

 dition round the world) containing an 

 account of the great distresses suffered 

 by himself and his companions on the 

 coast of Patagonia, from the year 1740 

 till their arrival in England, 1746 (Loss 

 of the Wager man of war), 2d ed., I^on- 

 don, 1768; Dublin, 1822; Kerr, xvii; 

 Sutcliffe; Germ, tr., Niirnberg, 17G9 

 (Sabin, no. 9731); Span, tr., Santiago 

 de Chile, 1901 (Anrique); anthropo- 

 logical data extracted by Fitz-Roy, b, 

 pp. 124-134. 



One of Anson's fleet, the M'agcr, in command 

 of Capt. Cheap, was wrecked in May, 1741, on the 

 Guaianeco Islands. Some of the crew returned 

 by way of the Strait (see Bulkeley and Cum- 

 mins, and An aflecting narrative); the rest re- 

 mained on Wager Island until December, when 

 they departed in two boats, one containing Lt. 

 Hamilton, Mr. Alexander Campbell (q. v.) and 

 six men, the other containing Capt. Cheap, Dr. 

 Klliot, Byron, and nine men; but the survivors 

 were obliged to return to Wager Island after two 

 months. Hither a "Chono cacique" came and 

 guided the party up to Chilot'> by way of the 

 Isthmus of Ofqui. 



The extensive, and in some respects impor- 

 tant, cultural data scattered through the narra- 

 tive (pp. 18, 32-35, 90-92, 103-107, 123-169 passim) 

 are frequently quoted in later works as being 

 certainly and indiscriminately Chonoan. .Judg- 

 ing from the circumstances as described and from 

 the data given, it seems probable enough that the 

 natives who visited the shipwrecked crew up to 

 December, 1741, were from the vicinity of the 



Byron, John — Continued 



Gulf of Penas and consequently, as Father 

 Garcia's Diario shows, Chonos. But what the 

 later grou]) were who guided Byron up to Chiloc 

 is more prolilematical; it looks as if these latter 

 were either Chonos who had settled on southern 

 Chilo(5, or were of mLxed Chonoan and Chilotan 

 blood, or else were a party of mixed Chonos and 

 Chilotans. 



Byron (p. 103) and Alex. Campbell (p. 60) both 

 call the "cacique" a Chono, but he appears to 

 have been a native of Chiloe (A. Campbell, p. 52) 

 and, besides speaking Spanish, held office imtler 

 the colonial government (Byron, pp. 103-104; .\. 

 Campbell, p. 52); Byron, moreover, says that the 

 "Chonos" live "in the neighborhood of Chiloi'-" 

 (p. 103). This "cacique" had no authority over 

 some at least of natives frequenting Wager 

 Island district (Byron, pp. 106-107) but had 

 authority among some of the village Indians in 

 the southern part of Chiloe (Byron, pp. 171-172). 

 He moreover "seemed to understand but little" 

 of the language of some Indians met in canoe, 

 probably near Aisen Inlet; "their language" 

 . . . Byron adds, "sounded to us very different 

 from what we had heard before" (pp. 160-167). 

 On the other hand, most of the cultural data de- 

 rived from observation of this group seem to be 

 Chonoan, and Alex. Campbell makes the rather 

 significant remark that the guttural language 

 spoken by the Chono cacique and "Coucou" 

 Indians who guided the shipwrecked party con- 

 trasted noticeably with the euphonic Chilotan 

 tongue (pp. 62, 74). 



Taking into account the foregoing points, 

 there seems to be sufficient ground for quoting 

 the anthropological data in Byron's and Alex. 

 Campbell's narratives, even the data based on 

 the cacique's group of natives, as Chonoan — this 

 the present writer has done in the Introduction 

 and Subject Bibliography— but with some re- 

 serve and caution against possible Chilotan in- 

 fluence. As for the anthropological material 

 given by Bulkeley and Cummms and the author 

 of the Affecting narrative, some, based on obser- 

 vation of the natives met near the western end 

 of the Strait of Magellan and near Cape Quod, is 

 pretty surely Alacalufan; the rest is very probably 

 Chonoan. 



(6) An account of a voyage round the 

 world in the yfears MDCCLXIV, 

 MDCCLXV, and MDCCLXVI by the 

 Honourable Commodore BjTon in His 

 Majesty's ship the Dolphin. (In 

 Hawkesworth, i, c). v.) 



Contains (i, pp. 6(>-67, 72, 79-81) a few descrip- 

 tive notes on Alacaluf met casually in Mar.- 

 Apr., 1765, in the western part of the Strait be- 

 tween Jerome Chaimel and Cape Upright. 

 Byron was the first explorer to report the plank 

 boat within the Strait proper (pp. 79-81). Cf. 

 also Voyage round the world ... by an officer 

 . . ., London, 1767. 



