cooi-EK] BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TRIBES OF TIERRA DEL FUEGO 



85 



Ercilla y Zuniga, Alonso de 



La Araucana, 1569-1578-1589; many 

 later editions. 



Ercilla crossed over to Chiloe in 1558. He de- 

 scribes in canto XXXVI a couple of points of Chilo- 

 tan culture, which were common also to the Cho- 

 noan. 



Essendorfer 



Begegnung mit Feuerlandem in der 



Magellanstrasse. (In Verh. Berlin. 



Ges.f. Anthr. u. s. to., 1880, pp. [60]-63.) 

 An unimportant brief description of a canoe- 

 load of Alacaluf met casually in 1878 near Cape 

 Froward. 



Estevan, Matheo 



"Doctrina Christiana . . . Arte, y 

 Vocabulario, y algunas Platicas de los 

 principales Mysteries" in the Chouoan 

 language. MSS. 1612-13. (Men- 

 tioned by Lozano, vol. ii, bk. 7, ch. 16, 

 no. 6, p. 560; cf. ibid., ch. 3, no. 35, 

 p. 456.) 



The recovery of these valuable manuscripts 

 would throw a flood of light on the whole vexed 

 question of Chonoan relationships and language. 

 "El Padre Techo pserive [Hist. prov. Par., bk. 6, 

 ch. 9, p. 160], que fu6 el Padre Juan Bautista 

 Ferrufiiio, quien hizo esta version del Catecismo 

 en la lengua de los Chonos; pero ciertamente 

 padeci6 engaiio: porque aver sido Autorel Padre 

 Matheo Estevan, como queda dicho, consta de 

 Carta original del Padre Melchor de Venegas," 

 who went in 1612 with Father Estevan to the 

 Guaitecas Islands, "escrita desde los Chonos, al 

 Padre Provincial Diego de Torres en 27. de 

 Noviembre de 1612. 'El Padre Matheo Estevan 

 (dice) es el que ha tomado el trabajo de poner 

 la Doctrina en lengua de los Chonos, y traducilla 

 con un Interprete Chono, que sabe la lengua de 

 Chilo&'" (Lozano, n, p. 456). 



Recently Dr. Lehmann-Nitsche has suggested 

 (rf, p. 220) that the "Chonos" to whom Father 

 Estevan preached were in reality "Patagones," 

 but he advances no other evidence for this hy- 

 pothesis than the resemblance between the 

 names "Chonos" and chon with its Tehuelche 

 and Ona variations. The derivation is doubtful, 

 to say the least, in spite of the resemblance — cf. 

 for instance the entirely unrelated names, Falk- 

 ner's Yacana and Bridges' Yahgan. But even 

 granting for the nonce that "Chono" may be 

 "chon hispanizada," the rest of Dr. Lehmann- 

 Nitsche's hypothesis seems to be untenable, both 

 on somatological and cultural grounds. 



(1) Somatological. All the available osteolog- 

 ieal remains from the Guaitecas Islands show 

 cranial kinship more to the Alacaluf and Yah- 

 gans than to the mainland tribes. The silence 

 of most of our authorities regarding the stature 

 of the Guaitecas Islanders would suggest that 

 these natives were in all probability of medium 



Estevan, Matheo — Continued 



height, not tall like the Tehuelches. See dis- 

 cussion in Introduction, pp. 41-42. 



(2) Cultural. The Guaitecas Islanders to 

 whom Father Estevan preached had a culture 

 very like the Fuegian, and very unlike the Pata- 

 gonian. The accounts by Fathers Del Teclio 

 and Lozano, based mainly at least on mission- 

 aries' letters, show this clearly. To instance one 

 point in particular : Dr. Lehmann-Nitsche him- 

 self states (loc. cit.): "estd fuera de duda que los 

 Patagones nunca tuvieron canoas"; this may be 

 putting it a little stronger than the available evi- 

 dence warrants, but what is certain is that \vithin 

 historic times the Patagonians have been em- 

 phatically non-canoe-using as a people. But 

 Father Estevan's Chonos were a seafaring people. 

 Not only did the archipelagic conditions demand 

 some form of water craft, but we have clear evi- 

 dence that the natives actually had such. Father 

 Del Techo, speaking of the Guaitecas "cacique" 

 Delco's earlier interview in 1609 with Fathers 

 Venegas and Ferrufino, says (p. 159): "Trahebat 

 secum in quinque navigiolis, praeter familiam, 

 numerosum comitatum," and Delco in his own 

 testimony unmistakably implies that his people 

 were a seafaring one (ibid.). Father Lozano 

 states that Delco used to come to Chilo^ once a 

 year (n, 454), but to get from Guatana in the 

 Guaitecas Islands to Chilo6 some kind of water 

 craft was of course required. Goicueta earlier as 

 all writers later who treat of the natives between 

 ChiloS and Taitao Peninsula describe them as 

 using the plank boat. 



The sources for Father Estevan's voyage with 

 Father Venegas are: Del Techo, bk. 6, ch. 10, 

 pp. 160-161; OUvares, ch. 10, no. 2, pp. 369, 372- 

 373; and especially Lozano, vol. ii, bk. 7, ch. 3 

 and 16, pp. 445, 453-456, 558-561. Father Del 

 Techo gives 1619 as the date, but Father Lozano's, 

 1612-13, seems much better substantiated. 



Exploration a la Terra de Feu. (In Rev. 

 Soc. geogr. argent., 1885.) (Reference 

 from Dabbene.) 



Apparently an unimportant article. 



Exquemelin, Alexandre Olivier 



Bucaniers of America, 2d ed. of 

 Engl, tr., 2 vols., London, 1684-85; 

 repr. ibid., 1893. 



This 2d edition of the English translation of 

 De Americaensche zee-roovers (Amsterdam, 

 1678) contains in vol. a Ringrose's narrative of 

 the voyage of Sharp. 



Fagalde, Alberto 



Magallanes: El pais del porvenir, 

 Valparaiso, 1901. 



Contains (i, 29-263) a history of Magellanic 

 exploration, with, however, practically all the 

 anthropological material omitted. 



