160 BUREAU OF AMEEICAN" ETHNOLOGY rBULL.r..-! 



tain plants for medicinal purposes. This, however, is denied b}^ all 

 other first-hand authorities who touch on the point. 



The more common curative methods employed by the Chonos and 

 Fuegians are massage, friction, anointing, sweating, and bathing. 

 Tlie medicine-men in their curative rites extract or vomit an arrow 

 head or harpoon shank, a piece of wood, bone, or stone, or a pointed 

 stick. Such objects are supposed to be the immediate cause of the 

 disease, which, however, is sent by spirits over whom the medicine- 

 men have power. 



Among the Onas each clan or family has a medicine-man, while 

 among the Yahgans nearly every older man was a wizard. Occasion- 

 ally among both tribes an old woman exercised this ofHce (Th. 

 Bridges, i, in Hyades, q, 257; C. Gallardo, 298). The witch-doctors 

 inspire a certain amount of respect and fear, but may at times be 

 subjected to rather rude treatment. 



The Rev. Mr. Bridges once observed a Yahgan witch-doctor dancing 

 on hot coals (k, 238). According to Dr. Cojazzi (70-71) the Ona doc- 

 tors sometimes make a cloak of human hair, which they use as a 

 potent instrument for bullying and laying under tribute the mem- 

 bers of the tribe. The wizards are often clever prestidigitators. 



In addition to their power to send or cure sickness they may also 

 have power over life and death and over the weather and the ele- 

 ments, and may possess the gifts of divination and prophecy. 



DEATH, MOURNING, AND BURIAL 



Sources 



(a) Alacaluf. — Bougainville, 2d ed., i, 302; Duclos-Guyot,* b, 678; Fitz-Roy,* a, 

 181,191; Marc-el, «, 496; r,* 110-111; Skottsberg, 6, 271-273: r/, 595; van Speilbergen,* 

 1st ed., 34, and in de Brosses, i, 344, probably Alacalufan. 



(6) Chonos.— Byron,* a, 90-92; A. Campbell,* 62, and in Prevost, xv, 388; Medina, 

 a, 274. 



((;) Yahoans.— Bove,* a, 798-800; b, 107, 141-142; c, 133-135; d, Arch., 296-297; 

 e, 159; Th. Bridges, a* Fr. tr., 176-177; b, Nov. 1, 1875, 192, July 1, 1876, 151; e, 332; 

 Coriat, 205; Despard, b, 698; Fitz-Roy, a, 179, 181; Furlong, b* 133, 135-136; Hyades, 

 p, 332; q* 379-380; Lawrence, June 1, 1874, 92; Lovisato,*o, 199; b, 146-149; Marsh, 

 a, 119-120; Martial,* 206-207; Mission Terre de Feu, 311; Spegazzini,* a, 11-12. 



(d) Onas.— Barclay,* a, 76-77; Beauvoir,* 6, 209-210; Benignus, 233-234; Cojazzi,* 

 72-75, 102 (Mdnekenkn); Dabbene, a, 74; &,* 260-262; Furlong, d*22G; C. Gallardo,* 

 317-323; Holmberg, a, 59; Lista, b, 55; O. Nordenskjold, h, Tour du monde, 38; 

 Segers,* 65-66, 75. 



(e) FuEciiANS.— Darwin, a, 1871 ed., 214; Fitz-Roy, a, 177, 179. 



Based on the foregoing: Lucy-Fossarieu, 173-174; Dabbene, n, 62-64; b* 192-193; 

 Outes, d, 135, 140; Canas P., 362-365; Garson, 144-145; Penna, 203 and passim. 



Mourni7ig 



Among the Yahgans and Onas mourning is expressed by (1) the 

 tonsure; (2) scarification, but only by the widows or women among 

 the Onas (C. Gallardo, 817; Segei-s, 75; Dabbene, h, 262); (8) painting, 



