ooopEn] BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TBTBES OF TIEEBA DEL FUEGO 161 



usually with black among the Yahgans (Th. Bridges, e, 332; Martial, 

 188; Furlong, h, 133), though sometimes with other colors, too (Th. 

 Bridges, li, 209; Lawrence, June 1, 1874, 92), with red or black 

 among the Onas (C. Gallardo, 149, 319-320; Cojazzi, 72, 74; Popper, 

 <Z, 138). Mourning lasts for many months among both tribes — 

 among the Yahgans sometimes two years (Th. Bridges, a, Fr. tr., 

 176), among the Onas sometimes two or even three years (C. Gal- 

 lardo, 320; Barclay, a, 77). 



Speaking of tlie Onas, Dr. Gallardo adds (318) : ''Creo que debemos 

 ver en estas demostraciones un simple testimonio de afecto hacia el 

 muerto y no un medio de propiciarse su buena voluntad." The 

 point, however, is worthy of further investigation. 



The Alacaluf met by Duclos-Guyot at Fort Famine painted them- 

 selves black as a sign of mourning {h, 678). 



Burial 



A. Glionos and Alacaluf. — ^ Among the Chonos and Alacaluf cave 

 burial is the common form. This use of caves may be due, as Dr. 

 Dabbene suggests (&, 214), to the difficulty of digging in the hard, 

 rocky ground of western Fuegia. Some cases of Chono (and Alaca- 

 luf?) burial in embryonic posture or with knees flexed to shoulders 

 or chin are reported by Alex. Campbell (62), Dr. Medina (a, 274), and 

 Capt. Steele (Skottsberg, b, 271-272), and a kind of platform burial 

 by Byron {a, 90-92) and Alex. Campbell (loc. cit.). 



B. Yahgans. — The Yahgans either interred or cremated. The 

 latter custom was followed especially when death occurred far from 

 home, and was apparently intended to prevent desecration of the 

 remains by enemies or by foxes and dogs. A case of Yahgan burial 

 in squatting posture is mentioned by Dr. Lovisato {h, 147). He may, 

 however, have been mistaken, as he was in hypothetically attributing 

 this custom to the Onas {h, 148). 



C. Onas. — Sr. Lista (/>, 55; followed by Penna, 203) says that the 

 northern Onas practice cremation. Later investigators, however, 

 deny this (cf., e. g., C. Gallardo, 320). The Onas inter their dead in 

 the supine posture. At times they may use caves or the trunk of a 

 tree (C. Gallardo, 320). 



Disposal of property 



Among the Yahgans the belongings of the deceased are given away 

 or destroyed, the Yahgans "manifesting their sorrow by their aver- 

 sion to possess any object tliat belonged to the deceased whom they 

 mourn" (Hyades, q, 379; cf. also p, 335). The Onas destroy most of 

 the property of the deceased (C. GaUardo, 321). 



The Alacaluf seemed to have buried some of the dead person's be- 

 longings with him, especially the bow and arrow (van Speilbergen, 



