cooi-EK] BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TRIBES OF TIERRA DEL FUEGO 169 



B. Onas. — The Ona woman holds approximately the same position. 

 Absolute obedience to her husband is demanded and rendered as a 

 matter of course, and occasionally he is brutal toward her, but nor- 

 mally she is well provided for, and is the recipient of many tokens of 

 esteem and affection (C. Gallardo, 220, 222-224, 251, 134-135). 



C. Alacaluf and OJionos. — Little available evidence. The Alaca- 

 iufan women are "not exactly iU- treated" (Skottsberg, d, 596), and 

 may be sincerely loved by their husbands (Manouvrier, a, 765). By- 

 ron's Chono ( ?) cacique, however, was certainly very brutal during a 

 fit of rage occasioned apparently by jealousy (Byron, a, 137) 



Division of Labor 



The division of labor between husband and wife is described l)y 

 many authorities (for the Chonos: Lozano, ii, 559; for the Alacaluf: 

 Marcel, a, 490; c, 108; Fitz-Roy, a, 185; Bougainville, 2d ed., i, 292; 

 Vargas Ponce, a, 348-349; La Guilbaudiere, 6-7; Skottsberg, d, 596; 

 for the Yahgans: Th, Bridges, 7;, 210; Furlong, h, 132; Dabbene, h, 

 188; Martial, 197; W. Webster, i, 182; Weddell, 156; for the Onas: 

 Barclay, a, 71; h, 99; C. Gallardo, 225, 227, 248-249; Cojazzi, 24; Fr. 

 Cook, h, 728; Furlong, d, 226-227; Jc; Dabbene, I, 257; Lista, h, 128- 

 129 (Onas of south); O. Nordenskjold, li, Tour du monde, 37; Segers, 

 61; Outes, d, 136; Beauvoir, h, 203). Judging from these accounts, 

 the division seems, if we take into account Fuegian tribal conditions 

 and necessities, to be a fairly equitable one, and it is so adjudged ex- 

 plicitly by the Rev. Mr. Bridges (h, 210; e, 332), more or less explicitly 

 by Prof. Furlong (d, 227; la, and q, "well balanced"), and implicitly 

 by Dr. Dabbene (b, 257), all of whom had personally witnessed the 

 system in action. Here again Capt. Bove, in describing the Yahgan 

 woman as a mere drudge, seems to have overlooked the exigencies of 



nomadic life. 



Modesty 



That modesty is well observed by the Fuegian woman is unani- 

 mously attested by observers (cf., e. g., for the Alacaluf: Duclos- 

 Guyot, h, 672; Bischoff, &, 243-244; Manouvrier, a, 768; Reynaud, a, 

 93; for the Yahgans: Hyades, p, 334; q, 239, 409; Snow, a, vol. i, 325- 

 326, 338-339, 349, vol. ii, 46; h, 262; W. Webster, i, 181; Weddell, 

 157-158; Wilkes, a, vol. i, 130, 1845 ed., i, 125; h, 52; for the Onas: 

 C. Gallardo, 131-132). Dr. Hyades states (q, 239) that among the 

 Yahgans even control of the eye is observed and expected by man 

 and woman. 



Premarital Chastity 



A. Yahgans. — Virginity is apparently not greatly esteemed, and 

 there is much indulgence, little restriction being placed on the un- 

 married girls (Hahn, a, 805; Hyades, p, 334; q, 188). There is no 

 professional prostitution (Hyades, p, 335); a woman of markedly 



