roopER] BIBLTOGPiAPHY OF TRIBES OF TTEBRA DEL FUEGO 173 



(e) FuEGiANS.— Darwin, a, 1871 ed., 225-227. 



Based on the foregoing: Canas P., 352-354; Cora, 234; Dabbene, a, 65; b* 191, 194, 

 197-200; Hale, 94; A. Jakob, 49-54. 



The Fuegians, like their more civilized brethren, do not always 

 live up to their moral ideals, do not practice what they preach. 

 Hence we may divide their moral culture into ideal and actual. 



Ideal Moral Culture 



The available data are not very complete. We may, however, 

 gather a good summary of their ethical standards from the instruc- 

 tions given to the young by their parents and elders, especially those 

 given during the initiation ceremonies. 



A. Yahgans. — The boys during their initiation are counseled to be 

 honest, truthful, industrious, patient, generous, and chaste, and are 

 admonished not to be jealous, quarrelsome, quick-tempered, or vio- 

 lent (Th. Bridges, a, Fr. tr., 174-175; h, 208; Ic, 240; Hyades, q, 376, 

 citing Th. Bridges, i; Dabbene, h, 191). The girls are given similar 

 advice (Th. Bridges, Ic, 240; Hyades, q, 377). The added counsel 

 given the boys to be prudent in their choice of a helpmate, to select 

 a woman not too young who will be helpful and dutiful (Th. Bridges, 

 a, Fr. tr., 175), is somewhat less altruistic, as the older men usually 

 bespeak the younger girls for themselves (Th. Bridges, h, 208-209). 

 Cf. also the Yahgan "commandments" in Despard, h, 698, 746. 



B. Onas. — The boy repeatedly receives good counsel from his 

 father, counsel emphasized still more during the initiation rites. He 

 is urged to be brave, not to be gluttonous nor engrossed in the pursuit 

 of bodily comfort, to be uncomplaining and stoical in suffering and 

 hunger, generous in sharing the spoils of the chase with his fellows, 

 and especially with the aged, continent until he reaches a certam age, 

 docile and kind to his elders, kind but reserved toward women, 

 conscientious in carrying out the laws of blood-revenge (C. Gallardo, 

 237-238, 331; Dabbene, h, 259). 



Actual Moral Culture 



The reports of passing tiavelers on the character and morality of 

 the Chonoans and Fuegians differ considerably^ Some give a quite 

 favorable estimate (cf., e. g., Betagh, Bougainville, Garcia, a, Marcel, 

 a, c, Venegas, Ferrufino and Estevan, Labbe, Mapie, Meriais, Snow, 

 Vargas Ponce, W. Webster, WeddeU), othere an equally unfavorable 

 one (cf., e. g., Byron, a, L'Hermite, Slocum). 



The detailed accounts, however, from observer with more exten- 

 sive experience and opportunities show a fairly uniform .moral cul- 

 ture among the Chonoan and Fuegian tribes, that is in agreement 

 along its main lines on the one hand with that of the general American 

 Indian type and on the other with that of peoples of nomadic culture 

 in other parts of the world. The same contrasts of good and bad occur, 



