cooper! BTBI.TOGRAPHY OF TBTBES OF TTEERA DEL FUEGO 177 



although malicious lying is more rare. The above data refer to both 

 the Yahgans and Onas. 



PROPERTY 



Theft is fairly common among the Yahgans, but rare among the 

 Onas. There is no gambling among either people. Generosity is a 

 strongly marked trait of both the Yahgans and the Onas. The spoils 

 of the chase are divided as a matter of course among friends, even 

 with the Onas to the extent at times of the owner relinquishing his 

 own portion (C. GaUardo, 188). Of the Yahgans Dr. Hyades wrote 

 (5^, 243): "II semble que les indigenes tiennent surtout a posseder 

 pour avoir le droit de distribuer cequ'ils ont, et pour le plaisir de faire 

 des largesses" (cf, also WeddeU, 168). 



PERSONAL MORALITY 



Courage and bravery are in honor among all the Fuegian peoples, 

 as is the stoical endurance of jDain, privation, and hardship. The love 

 of freedom and the spirit of independence are universal. In the pres- 

 ence of strangers the Fuegian appears as a rule to be taciturn, reserved, 

 and even sullen, but with his own people when aU goes well he is jovial 

 and talkative and laughs much. 



The Fuegians are or were a temperate people; they had neither 

 intoxicants nor narcotics until they were brought into contact with 

 the white man. They invariably spat out the intoxicants offered 

 them by earlier explorers. Recently, however, they, excepting some 

 of the Onas, have learned both to drink and to smoke. The Chonos 

 had no native intoxicants; the drink made from maize, which was 

 apparently in use on Guatana, one of the Guaitecas Islands (Del 

 Techo, 160), was very likely an importation from Chilotan culture. 

 The Yahgans are said to use a word meaning "smaU eater" when 

 wishing to speak well of a person (Despard, h, 680). 



POTJTICAI. CULTITEE 



Sources 



(a) Alacalup.— Meriais, 390; Skottsberg,* b, 259; d, 585, 596; Vargas Ponce, a, 350. 

 (6) Chonos.— Del Techo,* 159-160; Olivares, 377; Lozaiio,* 11, 34, 454, 456, 558- 

 559, 560. 



(c) Yahgans.— Bove,* a, 795; b, 138; c, 130; d, Arch., 293-294; e, 158; Th. Bridges, 

 b, Oct. 1, 1884, 224; Despard, b, 716-717; Fitz-Roy, a, 211; Fiirlong, b, 137; j; Hyades, 

 p* 335; q* 242-243; Lovisato, b, 150; Martial,* 196-197; WeddeU, 168. 



(d) Onas.— Dabbene, b, 255; Furlong, d, 220-221; i, 12; k;* C. Gallardo,* 207-211; 

 O. Nordenskjold, g, 355. 



(e) Fuegians.— Darwin, a, 1871 ed., 215; Fitz-Roy,* a, 178-179. 



Based on the foregoing: Dabbene, a, 71; b, 187-188; Outes, d, 135-136, 140; Garson, 

 144. 



There are no chiefs, hereditary or elective, among any of the 

 Fuegian tribes, nor are there war chiefs (C. GaUardo, 209, for the 



