COOPER] BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TRIBES OF TIERRA DEL FUEGO 181 



long, h, 136), and the esophagus of a guanaco or steamer duck, into 

 which the Ona blows to produce "un sonido desagradable e indescrip- 

 tible" (C. Gallardo, 163). 



Poetry 



Perhaps under this heading we niay include the songs with words 

 mentioned above, and some of the narratives, legends, etc., included 

 under Mythology. 



Dances and Drama 



Byron describes (a, 145-146; quoted in Fitz-Roy, h, 130; cf. also 

 A. Campbell, 61-62) a Chonoan (?) ceremony in which first the men 

 and then the women danced until exhausted from exertion and excite- 

 ment; during the dance they carried firebrands in their mouths and 

 burned everybody they came near or cut one another with mussel 

 shells. 



The Yahgans and Onas dance alone, in circles or in Indian file; 

 the-women rarely dance, and the men and women never together (cf. 

 for the Yahgans: Th. Bridges, a, Fr. tr., 179; Dabbene, h, 196-197; 

 Furlong, b, 136; Martial, 211; Spegazzini, a, 14; for the Onas: Dab- 

 bene, h, 262; C, Gallardo, 164; Holmberg, a, 58, says men and women 

 dance together; Segers, 76) . There are no war or huntmg dances and 

 none of a symbolic, imitative, or dramatic kind, if we except those 

 performed at the boy initiations, during which the men, masked and 

 costumed to represent the nature spirits, dance before and terrify the 

 women and children. 



The Yahgans, however, according to the Rev. Mr. Bridges (h, 209; 

 i, cited by Hyades, q, 377; Jc, 239; e, 332; Dabbene, h, 192), had cer- 

 tain dances of a dramatic nature, which, he seems to imply, were some- 

 what distinct from the initiation dances and rites. 



Design and Sculpture 



The Yahgan and Ona masks and the rude carving in wood to rep- 

 resent the Alacalufan evil spirit (Fitz-Roy, a, 194) have already been 

 mentioned. The Yahgan idols spoken of by Sr. Payro (184-185), as 

 well as the stone mosaics of the sun, moon, and a hand, of which 

 Prof. Bastian was told (i, 18), rest on evidence that is more than 

 doubtful (cf. also Colini, 238). 



Dr. Cojazzi (99) is of the opinion that the Alacaluf used to trace de- 

 signs on the ground, but he gives no definite proof of this. 



. If we except the masks and the carving of the evil spirit, there is no 

 evidence that any of the Fuegians have or have ever had any art of 

 design or sculpture. The Ona bows and arrows and the Yahgan 

 coiled basketry are neatly and gracefully finished, but are not orna- 

 mented with designs of any kind. 



