cooperT bibliography of tribes of TIERRA DEI. FUEGO 183 



Tattooing is not reported for the Clionos or Alacaluf, and is defi- 

 nitely denied by all competent observers for tlie Yahgans (Despard, 

 h, 679; Th. Bridges, h, 206; Bove, a, 791 ; l, 134; fZ, Arcli., 290; Hyades, 

 f, 329; R. Martin, h, 208; and others). 



Some authorities (O. Nordenskjold, g, 354; Th. Bridges, i, in Hy- 

 ades, q, 9; Pertuiset, 217) state that the Onas do not tattoo. The 

 concurrent statements, however, of other authorities speaking from 

 personal observation make it certain that the Onas do tattoo (Fiu-- 

 long, f/, 222; I; Cojazzi, 43, 100-101 [Manekenkn]; Lista, h, 88, 128 

 [Onas of soutli]; C. Gallardo, 148; Segers, 66), although the custom is 

 by no means universal. Sr. Lista found it more common in the 

 north (6, 128). It is reported for both men and women (Furlong, d, 

 222; A:;* Cojazzi, 43, 100; C. Gallardo, 148; Lista, h, 88). It is very 

 rudimentary, consisting of a few incisions on tlie arm or forearm only 

 (Furlong, Lista, Cojazzi, GaUardo, 11. c. ; Segers, 66), as among the 

 Tehuelches (Musters, Jour. Anthr. inst., London, 1871-72, 197; Rat- 

 zel, h, Engl, tr., ii, 80; Keane, c, vol. i, 388), the incisions being made 

 with a piece of glass, flint, or bone, and a bit of charcoal inserted into 

 each (cf. Author Bibliography under Roth). 



Ona tattooing is purely ornamental, according to Prof. Furlong 

 (private communication), although Dr. Cojazzi (100-101) reports a 

 Manekenkn belief that it helps the young to grow; Dr. Gallardo (148) 

 states that the design serves the purpose of a family identification 

 mark, and Dr. Segers (66) maintains that each incision records the 

 death of a relative or friend. 



D. Mutilations and head deformation. — No mutilations of any kind 

 are reported* on dependable authority from either the Fuegians or 

 Chonos, and are definitely denied by the best observers (Th. Bridges, 

 Ti, 206; Hyades, p, 330; C. Gallardo, 148, 159). There is no ear, lip, 

 or septum piercing. It is possible, as Dr. Coppinger supposed (49), 

 that one or more teeth are knocked out designedly by the Channel 

 Alacaluf, but tlie ground for so concluding is not very solid (cf. under 

 Initiations). 



Dr. Cienfuegos was told (92; cf. also Cafias P., 350) by some Fue- 

 gians that head deformation is practiced by them, but this is con- 

 sistently denied by the best authorities, and no trace of deformation 

 has been found on any of the Fuegian or Chonoan skulls (R. Martin, 

 6, 160, 208; Virchow, a, 382; 5, 19; Hultkrantz, cr, 38, 45). 



E. Personal ornaments. — The three Fuegian tribes and as far as 

 our evidence goes the Chonos are accredited with very similar orna- 

 ments. These are chiefly necklaces of shells and bones, or merely of 

 frapped hanks of plaited sinew often colored red; "wristlets and 

 anklets of sinew or hide; feather head ornaments, especially the famil- 

 iar diadem (cf. for the Chonos : Garcia, a, 28; for the Alacaluf : Fitz-Roy, 

 a, 176-177; Goicueta, 505; Skottsberg, d, 602-603; for the Yahgans: 



64Q2S°— Bull. 63—17 13 



