194 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY Fbull. fis 



Oiias on the one hand and the Chonos, ^Vlacahif, and Yahgans on 

 the other, there are certain noticeable differences. The Ona mantle 

 reaches to the feet or knees and usually has no string, while the 

 mantle of the others reaches only over the shoulder and breast or 

 to the waist and is held by a string. The Ona nearly always wears 

 his mantle, except in hunting, wrestling, etc., while the others very 

 frequently go or used to go witliout it. 



The Onas more frequently make their mantles from guanaco skins, 

 the others from seal, otter, or fox skins ; but other skins may be used 

 where available. Bird-skin clothing has sometimes been observed 

 (Marcel, a, 492; van Speilbergen, in de Brosses, i, 344; van Noort, h, 

 1601 ed., 21; Hyades, <i, 347; Byron, a, 34, 127; Garcia, a, 23). The 

 Chonos are reported by Cortes Hojea (Goicueta, 518) to have made 

 mantles from fiber, as Father Kosales says (a, vol. i, 224) the Chilo- 

 tans formerly did. The Chonoan dog's hair mantles have been men- 

 tioned before (cf. Introduction under Chonos: Cidture). 



The Yahgan women rarely if ever go without a triangular pubic 

 covering of bird skin or hide (Hyades, g-, 307, 347-348; Fitz-Roy, a, 

 138; Weddell, 157-158; L'Hermite, 41; de Brosses, i, 443), but the 

 men go frequently without such, as did sometimes the ^Uacalufan 

 men, and even women, in earlier days (LadriUero, 473, 464, 484; 

 Goicueta, 485, 505, 519; La Guilbaudiere, 4; cf., however, for later 

 times, Vargas Ponce, a, 339; Skottsberg, d, 602). 



The Ona women wear beneath their mantles, which are a little 

 shorter than the men's, an under garment of guanaco skin, tied to 

 the body and reaching from the breast to the knees (C. Gallardo, 157; 

 Dabbene, h, 223; Cojazzi, 41); the women ako wear a pubic covering 

 of the same material (C. Gallardo, 156-157). 



The Fuegian skin mantle is always worn with the fur outside, in 

 contrast with the Tehuelche custom, but the Ona woman sometimes 

 wears her under garment with the fur inside (C. Gallardo, 157). 



Head covering. — In hunting and fighting especially, the Ona men 

 wear a triangular peak of guanaco skin over the forehead, but the 

 Ona women and among the other Fuegians and the Chonos both 

 sexes go bareheaded. Exceptionally the Alacaluf may wear a head 

 covering, apparently distinct from the feather diadem (Narbrough, 

 65, de Brosses, ii, 32; Bynoe, in Fitz-Roy, a, 197; Voyage round 

 world in Dolpliin, 56, Span, tr., 55; Vargas Ponce, h, 58). 



Foot covering. — The Ona men and women wear in walking primi- 

 tive moccasins and sometimes leggings made of guanaco skin (C. Gid- 

 lardo, 155, 158; Dabbene, &, 224; Cojazzi, 42). Neither the Chonos 

 (Byron, a, 144; cf. also Goicueta, 519, on natives south of C. Tres 

 Montes) nor the Canoe Indians wear any foot covering, except occa- 

 sionaUy when traveling or hunting on land, as is attested for the 

 Yahgans by Dr. Plahn (/>, 1534) and for the Alacaluf by Narbrough 



