208 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY fBUTJ.. r.-i 



Martial, 192), although they also used the spear for this purpose 

 (Hyades, q, 356). It was chiefly used, however, for killing birds 

 (Hyades, q, 300, 360; W. H. B. Webster, i, 184; Fitz-Roy, a, 184). 



During the last part of the last century it was rarely used at all by 

 the Yahgans (Th. Bridges, 7, 314; Hahn, 6, 1534; c, 338; Hyades, j), 

 336; q, 360; cf. also Th. Bridges, h, Mar. 1, 1873, 30, and Aug. 1, 

 1884, 182). Dr. Lovisato could find no Yahgan who was able to 

 chip an arrowhead (a, 198; c, 722), while, according to Capt. Martial 

 (192, 203; cf. also Hahn, c, 340), glass and obsidian arrowheads had 

 to be procured from the Onas. The bow and arrow was used by the 

 Yahgans between Banner Cove and Blamefield Harbor (Despard, 6, 

 732), and is mentioned in the Oumoara legend (Martial, 213). 



Some of the explorers who visited the Yahgans in the earlier part 

 of the last century found them in possession of the bow and arrow 

 (Fitz-Roy, 11. c. and a, 139, 186, and in King, 430; Weddell, 179-180; 

 W. Webster, i, 184; Ross, 11, 305; Colvocoresses, 39), but it was not 

 common; Capt. Snow makes no mention of it, nor do three of the 

 chroniclers of the Wilkes and Ross expeditions (M'Cormiok, Picker- 

 ing, Wilkes). 



Both of the very early explorers in Yahgan territory reported it in 

 use among the natives: d'Arquistade at Orange Bay in 1715 (Mar- 

 tial, 269) and L'Hermite at Nassau Bay in 1624 (1643 ed., 42, "eenige 

 hebben pylen ende bogen," the arrows with points of stone; Comme- 

 lin, II, 28; Decker's tr., 30; de Brosses, i, 443-444). 



The Alacaluf of the Strait of Magellan and the adjoining waters 

 have used the bow and arrow normally from the earliest times 

 (Narbrough, 66; Duclos-Guyot, a, 643; Bougainville, 2d ed., i, 292- 

 293; J. Cook, h, vol. 11, 183; Vargas Ponce, a, 340-341, 346; 6, 59; 

 Coppinger, 119-121, 123; King, 54, 76, 226). Bougainville states 

 (loc. cit., 293) that the Port Gallant natives used it ''plutot contre le 

 gibier c^ue contre les ennemis," and Vargas Ponce that it was used in 

 kilhng birds (6, 59; cf. also a, 340-341). Practically all accoimts of 

 unfriendly encounters with the Alacaluf of the Strait, and for that 

 matter with the Yahgans and the West Patagonian channel Alacaluf 

 and Chonos, report the natives as attacking with spears, knives, 

 clubs, slings, and stones — never with the bow and arrow (cf., e. g., 

 Ulloa, An. Udr., v, 481; Duclos-Guyot, h, 682; King, 55, 227; Cop- 

 pinger, 43, 63, 112-113; Skottsberg, d, 586). 



Among the Alacaluf of the West Patagonian channels the bow and 

 arrow was used very little, and in earlier times a])parently not at all. 

 Some of the nineteenth century visitors found it in use in the 

 channels just north of the western end of the Strait (Child, 246, 249, 

 and Vincent, 124, in Smyth Channel; Cunningham, 446, at ShoU and 

 Fortune Bays; Du Valdailly, 294-295, at Isthnms Bay), and it is 

 occasionally reported from points much farther up the coast (Giglioli, 



