cooPEn] BIBLIOGEAPHY OF TEIBES OF TIEREA DEL FUEGIO 209 



h, 244, Puerto Bueno; Aylic Marin, 115, Port Grappler; cf. also 

 Brassey, 137-138). Capt. Low told Admiral Fitz-Roy (a, 194), 

 that he had seen arrows used as a part of a symbolic declaration of 

 war, and Capt. Steele informed Dr. Skottsberg (b, 271) that the 

 natives of the Gulf of Penas district use the bow and arrow in hunting 

 huemuls. But this weapon must be rather uncommon among the 

 Channel Alacaluf , for neither Dr. Coppinger (54) nor Dr. Skottsberg 

 (h, 270; c, 96; d, 604) observed any at all among them. 



In the middle of the eighteenth century, Bulkeley (anon, ed., 98; 

 other 1743 ed., 130) reported the natives of the western end of the 

 Strait as having only clubs, while Alex. Campbell (58; and in Prevost, 

 XV, 388) mentions darts and clubs as the weapons of the Chonos. 

 According to Byron (a, 129) the Chonos used "bows and arrows 

 sometimes, but always the lance." 



Ercilla (canto 36) found the -'arco i carcax" among the Chilotans, 

 but apparently it was uncommon ; the weapons ordinaiily mentioned 

 by writers on Chilotan culture are the lance and macana (cf . Goicueta, 

 514; Gonzalez de Aglieros, 73; Brouwer, 63; An. Jddr., xvi, 60). 



No arrowheads have, it seems, been dug up or found in Chonoan 

 territory nor in the archipelagos to the south (Medina, a; Coppinger), 

 although such artifacts have been found in abundance along the 

 Chilean coast north of Chiloe. The narratives of Goicueta, Ladri- 

 llero, and Father Garcia describe in some detail the arms of the natives 

 south of Chiloe to the Strait, but make no mention of the bow and 

 arrow, nor is it mentioned by Father Resales, Fathers Marin and Real, 

 Sarmiento, by the accounts of the Ulloa expedition, nor, as far as the 

 present writer has found, by any of the earlier sources,^ except Byron, 

 as noted above, on the culture of the Chonos and their neighbore to 

 the south as far as the Strait. 



To sum up: The bow and arrow is the characteristic and almost 

 exclusive hunting and fighting weapon of the Onas. The Yahgans 

 used it comparatively little, the Chonos and Chaimel Alacaluf still 

 less, and in earlier times probably not at all. It is in common use 

 among the Alacaluf of the Strait, but among the Yahgans, Alacaluf, 

 and Chonos it is normally used as a hunting weapon only, especially in 

 small-game hunting, never in fighting. In their ordinary huntmg 

 these three peoples use the spear or harpoon and the sling; in their 

 fighting, the spear, the knife, the club, the sling, and stones. 



B. Description: Excellent and mmute descriptions of the Ona bow 

 and arrow are given by Drs. Cojazzi (43-51, ill. opp. pp. 42, 45, 46, 

 49, and 51) and C. Gallardo (272-282). The following is a summary 

 account : 



1 Ponce de Leon (In Medina, c, 424) ascribes *'flechas" to the natives "hasta cerca del Estrecho," but by 

 "fleclias" he may have meant spears, and he may have been referring to the natives of the Strait itself; 

 at any rate, he had not himself been among the West Patagonian natives. 



