COOPER] BIBLIOGEAPHY OF TKIBES OF TIERRA DEL FUEGO 211 



No poison is used by the Chonos or Fuegians on their arrow points 

 (Hyades, h, 1347; p, 337; q, 363; Lovisato, a, 195; 6, 138; Th. Bridges, 

 in Hyades, q, 9; Dabbene, h, 255; Furlong, d, 223; ■i, 11; y, JuUet, 328). 

 See also comments in Author Bibhography, under Bourne and 

 H. V. H. Prichard. 



The Onas make very smaU bows and arrows for their children to 

 play with (Lovisato, c, 721; Cojazzi, 49; C. Gallardo, 350; Beauvoir, 

 h, 204; specimen [perhaps Alacalufan or Yahgan] in National Mu- 

 seum, Washington). 



The Onas polish their arrowshafts with a discoid- rubber of soft 

 stone (Outes, h, 295; Dabbene, h, 254; C. Gallardo, 271), and then 

 with leaves or the mixed wood and stone dust on a bit of cloth or 

 skin (C. GaUardo, 271; Cojazzi, 44). The pitch sometimes used in 

 arrow making comes from shipwrecks (C. GaUardo, 263; Cojazzi, 47; 

 Hyades, q, 362). 



From the kitchen middens in Yahgan ttuTitory have been taken 

 several cliipped flints shaped like arrowsheads, but larger than most 

 of those now in use (references supra, under Knives; also Dabbene, 

 h, 185). Those found by Capt. Bove were about 75 and 90 mm. in 

 length, those by Dr. Hahn about 60, 85, and 90. The smallest of 

 the latter three was of the imstemmed type not fomid among the 

 modern Fuegians. Whether the other flints were knife or spear 

 heads or just very large arrowheads can not be definitely deter- 

 mined. They are certainly quite above the normal modern arrow- 

 head in size. Nsvertheless, Dr. Gallardo mentions an exceptionally 

 large modern one 69 mm. in length (279) and Dr. Cojazzi a maximum 

 of 80 mm. (49) ; moreover, the largest four flints from the middens are 

 quite similar in shape to many of the modern arrowheads figured by 

 Dr. Cojazzi (iU. opp. pp. 45 and 46). 



Arrow release. — Of the Ona arrow release. Dr. Cojazzi writes (49): 

 ''The string is generally pulled by the right hand index finger and 

 thumb, which grasp the nock; when, however, they wish to shoot 

 very far, they use in addition the middle and ring fingers, laying 

 them directly on the string." (Cf. also Dabbene, h, 254-255 and 

 Beauvoir, h, 204.) 



Affinities and origin of the Fuegian how and arrow. — Certain points 

 of resemblance between the Fuegian and North American bow, 

 arrow, and quiver have been adverted to recently by Dr. Erland 

 Nordenskiold (q. v., in Author Bibhography). The whole question 

 brought up by him will, however, require more minute investigation. 



The modern Fuegian arrowhead is invariably stemmed, and in so 

 far at least resembles more closely the Patagonian than the Chilean 

 type. Of 601 Patagonian arrowheads examined by Dr. Outes (a, 

 376-396) only 78 were unstemmed, 88 were of exceptional form, and 

 435 were stemmed. The Cliilean unstemmed arrowheads w^ere, on 



