212 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [nvu.A\s 



the contrary, abundant, while the stemmed ones were rare (Outes, a, 

 400; cf. also Medina, a, figs. 147-151, 46-57, 59-65, 69, 71-73). 



The heads found by Capt. Bove, whether used for arrows, spears, 

 or daggers, are very smiilar to a common Patagonian type (Outes, a, 

 897; Lovisato, a, 199; h, 101-102). 



Then, too, on the Pacific coast from the Guaitecas Islands to the 

 Strait of Magellan there appeal's to be a complete or nearl}' complete 

 hiatus — a territory where the bow and arrow has been very little used, 

 and in earlier times, to judge from the narratives, especially of 

 Goicueta, Sarmiento and Ladrilloro, not used at all. The middens 

 of this territory have yielded no arrowheads (cf. Coppinger), al- 

 though such flints are dug up in abundance farther north on the 

 southern Chilean maiidand coast. 



The above two groups of facts would seem to indicate that the use 

 of the stone arrowhead has probably ])eon introduced into Fuegia 

 from Patagonian rather than from Chilean sources. 



The further (question arises as to the use of the how and arrow 

 itself. Did the Canoe Indians bring this cultural element with them 

 when they first migrated into Fuegian watere ? Or did they acquhe 

 it later from the neighboring On as and Patagonians? 



(1) Archeological evidence. — In the very old middens of Elizabeth 

 Island Dr. Lovisato found no arrowheads at all (h, 103). The sup- 

 posed arrowheads found by Capt. Bove and Dr. Hahn may, as we 

 have seen, have been spear or dagger heads; and, moreover, there is 

 no evidence that they are of very ancient deposition. The negative 

 archeological evidence would in itself show only the probable earlier 

 absence of the stone arrowhead; but the ethnological evidence seems 

 to carry us a little farther. 



(2) Ethnological evidence. — (a) Distribution: The use of the bow 

 and arrow among the Yahgans and Alacaluf decreases in proportion 

 as they are removed from contact with the Onas and Patagonians. 

 Among the comparatively isolated southern Yahgans and West Pata- 

 gonian Alacaluf it is either entirely absent or very slightly used, 

 while among the Alacaluf of the Strait and the. eastern Yahgans it is 

 or was common enough. But in all cases it has a subordinate posi- 

 tion, being utilized, not in fighting, but with rare exceptions only m 

 smaU-game hunting. The fact that the Foot Indians' chief weapon 

 is the bow and an-ow, while the Canoe Indians' is the spear or harpoon, 

 may be partly accounted for by the contrasting needs of a land and a 

 seafaring people, but the decidedly greater rarity of the weapon 

 among the West Patagonian Alacaluf and the southern Yahgans can 

 not be entirely explained on this ground, since small game for which 

 the bow and arrow are chiefly used by them is as common an article 

 of diet among them as among the eastern Yahgans and Magellanic 

 Alacaluf. (6) Manufacture: There is a close resemblance, even down 



