oooi-Eu] BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TRIBES OF TIZRRA DEL FUEGO 213 



to details, between the bow, arrow, and quiver used by the Foot 

 Indians and those used by the Canoe Indians — a resemblance so 

 close as to suggest strongly a common origin. But the differences 

 that exist seem to point to the Canoe Indians as the borrowers; for 

 the Yahgans use no quiver, and many of them have been found 

 unable to flake their own arrowheads; while the Alacaluf, although 

 able to make their own bows, arrows, and quivers, make them, as 

 has been noted, far less skillfully. The Ona bow and arrow, on the 

 other hand, is, though simple in form, of splendid workmanship. 



The fact, too, that there is geographical continuity in the use of the 

 bow and arrow between the Onas and their mainland cousins, the 

 earher Patagonians (Outes, a, 254), while such continuity is lacking, 

 as we have seen, on the Pacific coast, would appear to corroborate 

 the above. ^ 



In view of the archeological evidence taken in conjunction with 

 the ethnological, it is not unlikely that the Yahgans and Alacaluf 

 and probably the Chonos were originally a spear people, who after 

 their arrival in their present habitat acquired the bow and arrow from 

 neighbor, the Onas and Tehuelches. This conclusion is advanced 

 with much reserve, but the grounds for it, though far from being 

 demonstrative,^ seem sufficiently reasonable and convergent to justify 

 their publication. Further investigations among the middens will 

 perhaps clear up the point more definitely. 



Clubs. — The club is a common hunting and fighting weapon among 

 the Yahgans and Alacaluf as it was among the Chonos (Byron, a, 141 ; 

 Garcia, a, 25, 30, 38; Goicueta, 518; Lozano, ii, 559; Rosales, a, 

 vol. I, 105). Details regarding its form are usually lacking. The 

 clubs found by Bulkeley in use by some natives met near the west- 

 em end of the Strait were described as ''like to our cricket batts" 

 (anon, ed., 98; other 1743 ed., 130) and those found by Sharp in 1681 

 near Duke of York Island as "like our bandies" (Ringrose-Exqueme- 

 Un, 1684-85 ed., ii, pt. 4, ch. 23, p. 182; 1893 ed., 470). Dr. Skotts- 

 berg gives an illustration (h, 270; d, 605) of a heavy club seen at Port 

 Grappler; it was made of tejpu root and was 60 cm. long (cf. also 

 Skottsberg, c, 96). 



The Onas apparently use the club rarely and then only for hunting 

 (Th. Bridges, i, in Hyades, g, 8). 



On the throwing club see infra, under Bolas. 



Morning-star club heads. — Two peripherally bossed or ''morning- 

 star" perforated stones have been collected in Fuegia, one by Dr. 



1 The linguistic evidence is not very conclusive. Of., however, Alacalufandrce,drsceZ, erksce, area, a-rxkje:l, 

 with Tehuelchean arekechul, for arrow (see Comparative Glossary, Group VI, 4. 5, and note 0); Alacalufan 

 sct'trc (Bo), with Onan shayat'rrr (Furlong, k), seter (Bo, Hauss), sheltn or chetr (=bird feather, Bo, 6), 

 for arrow feather. 



2 In view of the almost universal diffusion of the bow and arrow over the American Continent it may, 

 for instance, be plausibly argued that tlie Canoe Indians on their first arrival in Fuej^ia might have had 

 bows and bone or wooden headed arrows which they later abandoned, some of the Canoe Indians at a still 

 later date adopting the Ona-Tehuelche bow and arrow. 



