COOPEK] BIBLIOGBAPHY OF TEIBES OF TIEREA DEL FUEGO 217 



iron, stone, or glass thonged to an oblong haft, suggesting in general 

 makeup our carpenter's plane (C. Gallardo, 269-270; Outes, h, 288- 

 290). They also use as a scraper a sharpened mussel shell lashed 

 with thong to a cyhndrical stone haft, hke the Yahgan shell knife 

 (Segers, 71; Dabbene, h, 249). The Jiafted plane-shaped scraper is 

 apparently peculiar to the Onas, and perhaps the Alacaluf. 



Adze. — Dr. Lovisato found an artifact at Gertrude Cove which he 

 described as ''una azza di osso di baleno, magnificamente levigata" 

 (a, 199), but its identification as an adze is doubtful. (For discus- 

 sion, see Colini, 240, and Lovisato, c, 723.) Stone adzes — probably 

 of Chilotan origin — were, according to Father Pietas (Gay, Doc, i, 

 503), used by the Chonos. 



Ax. — The white man's ax is now in common use among all the 

 Fuegians. To judge from the silence of the leading sources on the 

 culture of the Yahgans and Onas, these tribes did not use the stone- 

 headed ax (cf. Spegazzini, a, 6: ''segun algunos" the Yahgans use 

 stone axes — confirmation needed). 



The Alacaluf formerly used the stone ax sometimes. Axheads are 

 found at old camping sites, according to Dr. Cojazzi (124). Some of 

 the older explorers found what appear to have been stone axes in use 

 among the Port Famine natives (Du Plessis, in Marcel, a, 492 ; c, 109, 

 "pierres taillees pour haches" ; Froger, 97, and in de Brosses, ii, 109, 

 "gros caillous taillez pour couper le bois"; cf. also Duclos-Guyot, a, 

 644, "manieres de haches"). 



On the West Patagonian coast Dr. Coppinger "in spite of a most 

 diligent search . . . once, but only once, succeeded in finding 

 a stone axehead. It was of very primitive shape — being only in part 

 ground — and was found lying among the shells of a very old aban- 

 doned kitchen-midden" (Coppinger, 52-53, ill. opp. p. 34). The 

 earlier explorers in these parts omit all mention of the ax, while 

 Byron (a, 152) and Father Garcia implicitly (a, 23) and Father 

 Rosales explicitly (a, vol. i, 174) affirm its absence. 



The Chonos, according to Father Pietas (Gay, Doc, i, 503), used 

 stone axes. Dr. Cunningham obtained three hatchet-heads of stone 

 which had come from tlie Guaitecas Islands (335), and Dr. Medina 

 gives cuts of two polished axheads from the Chonos Islands, and a 

 perforated one from the Guaitecas Islands (a, 75-76, figs. 16, 18, 22). 

 The axheads figured by Dr. Medina closely resemble those from 

 southern Chile and from Chiloe, and are probably of Araucanian 

 origin. 



For other references to the stone ax in Fuegia, see the following: 

 Benignus, 230; Figuier, 418; Sievers, 329; Skottsberg, h, 271; d, 602. 

 Cf . also illustration of native hafting of iron axhead in Ratzel, Yolker- 

 kunde, i, 522; Engl, tr., ii, 88. 



Knife. — ^There were three kinds: (1) with pointed blades, used as 

 daggers; (2) with terminally edged blades, used as chisels; (3) with 



