222 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 63 



discussed more fully by Dr. Hyades {q, 161-166), who found the 

 Fuegian skull allied to the modern Botocudo skull and to the skulls 

 from Lagoa Santa and the Pontimelo and Rio Negro paraderos. 

 That the Fuegians and especially the Yahgans and Alacaluf are mem- 

 bers of the widespread archaic race, skeletal remains and living sur- 

 vivors of which are found here and there from tropical South America 

 to the Strait of Magellan, is unanimously held as very probable or 

 certain by the somatologists and anthropologists who have since 

 Drs. Hyades' and Medina's time treated or touched on the subject 

 (Dabbene, h, 282; Deniker, h; Haddon, c, 77; Hamy, c. Decades, 5-6; 

 Anthrop., 142; Hrdlicka, h, 179 and verbal communication; Lalo}", h, 

 404; Joyce, 218, 239; Latcham, 247, 257; R. Martin, h, 212; Quatrc- 

 fages, l, 545, 599; Rivet, 253-257; cf. also Verneau, h, 327-336). 

 For details, see especially Hyades, q, 161-166 and Rivet, 253-257. 



Some of the above waiters are of the conviction that the Fuegians, 

 though representing fundamentally this primordial South American 

 tyqie, show evidences of mixture with another type (Hyades, q, 164; 

 Rivet, 257; Dabbene, h, 280-282; Hultkrantz, h, 164; Laloy, h, 404). 



Mr. Darwin was struck by the resemblance in physical appearance 

 between the Fuegian Canoe Indians and the Botocudos (Darwin, h, 

 ch. 7; Brinton, h, 39-40) — a resemblance borne out especially by 

 cranial comparisons (Hyades, q, 163). Dr. Brinton found no lexical 

 similarity between the Fuegian and Tapuyan languages (c, 332), but 

 such would hardly be expected. Culturally the Canoe Indians of 

 Fuegia and the Botocudos are at about the same level, and are 

 largely in agreement both in what they possess and in what they lack. 



It has been suggested that the Onas are perhaps related through 

 the Tehuelches to the Bororos (Haddon, c, 112-113; Keane, h, 430), 

 by Prof. Keane on the ground of the tall stature and brachy- 

 cephahsm common to both the Tehuelches and Bororos. The unde- 

 formed Tehuelche skull, however, appears to be in the majority of 

 cases dolichocephalic or mesaticephalic (cf. supra. Introduction: 

 Qnas-Tehuelches ) . 



Migration routes. — ^It is sometimes assumed that the Yahgans and 

 Alacaluf reached their present habitat by way of the Pacific coast 

 and the Andine region (Bove, a, 789; h, 132; c, 124; d, Arch., 288; 

 Dabbene, h, 280-281; Furlong, j; Darapsky, h, 289). This is quite 

 possible, considering their kinship with the Chonos and apparently 

 (Rivet, 259) with the Changos, but there is no definite proof. That 

 the Onas reached Tierra del Fuego by way of Patagonia we may infer 

 from their kinship with the Tehuelches. Dr. C. Gallardo suggests 

 that the common ancestors of the Onas and Tehuelches crossed from 

 the New Zealand region to the southern tip of South America by a 

 land l)ridg(> or a chain of islands (107); this theory, however, has to 

 l»e judged in relation to the whole problem of American origins (cf. 



