24, ANNUAL ADDRESS—PROFESSOR SAYCE. 
closing days of the 18th Dynasty. It was not the founder of 
the 18th Dynasty, but the founder of the 19th Dynasty that 
was ‘‘the new king who knew not Joseph.” LHver since the 
progress of Egyptology had made it clear that Rameses II. was 
the Pharaoh of the oppression, it was difficult to understand 
how so long an interval of time as the whole period of the 
18th Dynasty could lhe between him and that “new king”’ 
whose rise seems to have been followed almost immediately by 
the servitude and oppression of the Hebrews. The tablets of 
_ Tel el-Amarna now show that the difficulty does not exist. 
Up to the death of Khu-en-Aten, the Semite had greater influ- 
ence than the native in the land of Mizraim. 
The legend under which Manetho veiled the history of the 
Exodus now also receives its explanation.* Amenophis, the 
son of Rameses, we are told, desired to see the gods, like his 
predecessor, Oros, and accordingly, by the advice of the wise 
man Amenophis, the son of Paapis, he removed all the leprous 
people in Egypt, 80,000 in number, to the quarries on the 
east bank of the Nile. Among them was a priest of Heli- 
opolis, Osarsiph, in whose name the sacred first syllable of 
Joseph has been replaced by the name of the Egyptian god 
Osiris. After a time, Amenophis retired to Ethiopia, the 
leprous people, who had meanwhile been transferred to the 
deserted city of Avaris, having revolted with the assistance of 
the descendants of the Hyksos, now settled in Jerusalem. 
For 13 years Eyypt was wasted by them with fire and sword, 
its temples plundered, and the images of the gods destroyed ; 
and it was not until the end of that fatal period, that Ameno- 
phis returned from Hthiopia with his son Sethos, and expelled 
the enemy under their leader Osarsiph, who had assumed the 
name of Moses. Sethos is plainly Seti II., Rameses being 
Rameses II., and A menophis his son Meneptah, in whose reign, 
as we now know, the Hxodus must have taken place. Oros, 
whose conduct Amenophis desired to imitate, was a king of 
the 18th Dynasty, and takes the place of Khu-en-Aten in the 
list of Manetho. In the tablets of Tel el-Amarna, Khu-en- 
Aten is usually called Nimkhururiya, corresponding to the 
prenomen hitherto read by Egyptologists, Nofer-kheperu-Ra; 
but, as we have seen, Subbi-kuzbi, in the letter mentioned 
above, gives him the abbreviated title of Khiriya, which is 
exactly the Oros of Manetho. It would appear, then, that the 
Egyptian legend has mixed together Amenophis IV., under 
whom the Semites and their religion became predominant in 
Egypt, with Meneptah, the Pharaoh of the Exodus. As Pro- 
* Josephus, cont, Ap. i. 26-35, 
