36 MAJOR C. R. CONDER, D.C.L., R.E., 
No scholar has ever supposed that the Exodus took place 
as early as 1600 B.C.; im fact, Brugsch and others have 
carried it down very much later, although their proposed date 
rests, I think, on the most rickety foundation. Consequently, 
when we treat of the Karnak lists we are treating of Palestine 
before Joshua, and of a population that is not Hebrew. 
When we come to the time of Rameses II., we are treating, 
I believe, of Palestine in the days of the Judges, though 
Egyptologists would question this result of a special study of 
the chronology. 
We find, then, from the Karnak lists and from the account 
of the victories of Rameses II. that there were two races and 
two languages in Palestine and in Syria. The nomenclature 
towards the south is mainly Semitic, towards the north it is 
chiefly non-Semitic. The Old Testament says the same. 
The children of Lot, of Esau, of Ishmael, of Keturah, re- 
mained in Syria when Israel went down into Egypt; but the 
sons of Heth were sons of Ham, a race distinct from that of 
the children of Shem. 
This Semitic race in Paras: spoke a language like 
Hebrew, or like the Phoenician of the monuments, or the 
Moabite of the Moabite Stone. Their features on the monu- 
ments tell us the same, and from the town names of the Karnak 
lists we see that they adored the gods mentioned in the Bible 
as those of the Canaanites. Yet more. They adored Jehovah, 
and the sacred name was known at least in 900 B.C. from Nine- 
veh to the Mediterranean, and from Hamath to Ascalon. I have 
been attacked for making this remark, which does not agree 
with Wellhausen’s idea that Jehovah was a tribal God of the 
family of Moses ; but it seems to have escaped the notice of 
the critic that this statement did not originate with me, but 
with the careful Schrader, who traces the divine name from 
Assyria to Philistia, and finds it in the titles of the kings of 
Hamath. The Old Testament certainly does not represent 
the family of Moses, or even of Abraham, as the only adorers 
of Jehovah. Balaam, from Pethor, was not a Hebrew, 
and in the earliest chapters of Genesis we read ‘ then [long 
before Abraham] began men to call on the name of Jehovah” 
(Gen. iv. 26). 
Leaving, however, the consideration of this Semitic popula- 
tion in Palestine, I wish more particularly to draw attention 
to the non-Semitic race in Palestine and in Syria, to whose 
affinities I have given much attention of late. 
The northern part of the list of towns conquered by 
Thothmes III. in Syria contains many names which are not 
