52 MAJOR C. R. CONDER, D.O.L., R.E., 
one time extended over all the regions north of the Oxus, and 
was only destroyed by Genghiz Khan and the Mongols from 
further north. In these Khitai I believe we see an eastern 
division of the same people known to the Egyptians and 
Assyrians as Kheta or Khatti, and called Heth in the Bible. 
At the present day a few survivors still remain of the once 
powerful Khitai both in the region near Lake Baikal, and in 
Turkestan south of the Chu River. In Asia Minor and Syria 
the Turkic and Turkoman population, though historically 
known to have been often recruited from Bactria, still presents 
to us, as of old, the Turanian population side by side with the 
Semitic and the Aryan. 
I would say a few words (in confirmation of my results) 
concerning the old languages of Lydia and Caria in Asia 
Minor. These must, as we have seen, have been akin to the 
Hittite language (as is indeed very generally allowed), and 
a few words have been preserved for us by classic writers as 
follows :— 
Carian Words. 
(1) Kos, a sheep. In Turkish kozi is a “lamb”; in Buriat 
Mongol kozi is a “ram.” In the language of the Kirghiz, 
kot is “ sheep,” which in Turkish is koiwn ; Hungarian, kos, 
“ram,” 
(2) Zaba, arock. In Zirianian (a Ugric language) dib is 
a “ridge,” and in Turkish languages tapa, tepe, means a 
“knoll,” or “ mound,” or “ hill.” 
(3) Gela, king. Apparently from the Turkic root kal, “to 
be great”? (Akkadian gal), whence comes the Tartar khalga, 
a Lore.” 
(4) Soua,atomb. This has been compared, by Dr. Isaac 
Taylor, with the Etruscan sw or suthi, which appears to mean 
a tomb, Etruscan being a language of the same type. 
(5) Glows, a robber. This seems to be explained by the 
Mongol (Buriat) root kulu, “to steal.” 
(6) Ala, a horse. Compare the Hungarian lo, “ horse,” 
and Chinese Jw, ‘* donkey.” In Turkic languages (which 
avoid the l) it becomes at, “ horse,’”’ and the Carian is here 
nearer to the Ugrian speech. 
(7) Tumnia,a rod. Apparently from the common Turanian 
root twm, tub, “ to strike.” 
(8) Kakkabé, ‘“‘ahorse’s head,” from kak, or sak, a word of 
Finnic speech for “top” or “head” (as in Akkadian sak, 
“head”’) and kabe, apparently the Ugric hebo, akin to the 
Greek word for a horse. 
