ON THE CANAANITES. Vad 
known Vannic words which occur also in Aryan languages, espe- 
cially in Armenian and ancient Persian. Nor is the grammar of 
the Vannic unlike that of these languages. I have studied the 
names of Vannic kings mentioned by Mr. Boscawen, but do not 
find them to resemble the Hittite names; rather do they resemble 
Persian names, and this people used the Aryan word baga, for 
** God.” Mr. Boscawen follows Professor Sayce in suggesting this 
comparison with Vannic, but after considerable study I have come 
toa different result. When I used the word “ Turanian,” I wished 
to use the word in an historical sense; Iam aware it is vaguely 
used by different people, but it has been used lately in the sense 
in which it was originally used by philologists. I find there isa 
prejudice against this word, and I have often used the word 
“ Altaic” as being better than “Turanian.” But if “ Altaic” is 
objected to, I would explain that what I mean is a language of 
the character of Turkish and Mongolian. As regards a higher civili- 
sation being borrowed by the Hittites, I regard that as being, as yet, 
unproved. There are so few Hittite monuments that it is impossible 
to divide them into three periods, or any other number. As regards 
the Vannic kings, they fought with the Hittites, but I am not aware 
that there are any monuments which state that they entered into 
an alliance with them, and I stand corrected if such monuments 
exist. In regard to the EHlamite language, inscriptions have been 
found at Bihistun of a date notlater than the sixth century, B.C., 
but I have already shown in a large number of cases that words 
in this language can be compared with Akkadian. Now, I know 
that it is often unsafe to talk about Akkadian, for this reason, that 
not only do I not know all about it, but I think even Mr 
Pinches, great authority as he is, would say that he did not know 
all that was to be known about Akkadian; the fact being that 
though he is able to read the inscriptions, he is, in many cases, 
not sure what the sound of certain words should be. Perhaps he 
may be right in saying that the Akkadian and Aryan words are 
sometimes the same, though the grammar is not, But I do not 
rely on dead languages alone, because that is not safe, as a method, 
by itself. If I find that a word on the monuments is traceable 
through a large group of living languages, I feel safer than if I 
rely on the Akkadian alone. No doubt the word Ze/ for “ chief ” 
in Akkadian may be doubtful, but it is a wide-spread Turanian 
word, even still in use among the non-Aryan people in Northern 
India, as /dla. The word Zarku in the Turanian languages, exists 
down to the present day. It does not exist in the Aryan languages 
