102 CUTHBERT COLLINGWOOD, ESQ., M.A., B.M. (OXON.), ETC. 
capable of thought respecting it; they cannot reflect upon 
it, any more than they can in other circumstances and con- 
ditions reflect upon their own consciousness. And thus pain 
is robbed of at least half its terrors. It is with them but 
the thing of the moment. It is true their memory ma 
dimly recall such painful experiences, but probably only by 
the association of impressions, which render them vaguely 
conscious that the conditions accompanying such pain are 
exhibiting a tendency to recur. 
Let us summarise definitely the points of similarity and 
dissimilarity which exist between animals and Man, as 
regards their mental endowments. 
Animals agree with Man in the possession of senses 
which equally enable both to be in strict relation with their 
terrestrial environment—senses which are far more acute for 
the most part in animals than in Man, and for obvious 
reasons. 
Animals agree with Man in the possession of propensities. 
These propensities are also all dependent upon terrestrial 
relations, and are adaptive to terrestrial enviroument. They 
are just those animal feclings which, unchecked in Man, 
become the sources of immorality ; while in animals, which 
are essentially unmoral, and not immoral, they are necessary 
for self-preservative (nutritive) or reproductive objects. 
Besides these, animals possess, In common with Man, 
certain feelings or sentiments—mental endowments of a 
higher class than the propensities—such as are designated 
self-esteem, love of approbation, cautiousness, imitation, and, 
highest of all, a kind of conscientiousness and benevolence, 
These endowments are only found, however, in the higher 
animals, especially the last 1wo, which are almost, if not 
quite, peculiar to the highest classes of domesticated 
animals—animals, that is, which, by some unknown influence, 
have been deprived of the ferocious nature of their con- 
geners, and have become specially attached to Man as 
dependents or companions. Some of these endowments, 
again, are strongly adapted to the two great objects of 
reproduction—as self-esteem and love of approbation, or 
self-preservation—as cautiousness ; while those still higher 
endowments which we must allow to a limited class are of 
an elementary or rudimentary description, and in themselves 
constitute that very element of tameness, as opposed to 
ferocity, which specialiy characterises the higher domesti- 
cated animals. 
But here the catalogue ends; animals exhibiting these 
