104 CUTHBERT COLLINGWOOD, ESQ., M.A., B.M. (OXON.), ETC. 
stood by human beings, the power of choice in the selection 
of good or evil, spiritual communion with the Creator, and 
articulate language, all these, and many others are special 
faculties, distinct im kind from anything possessed by animals, 
and totally beyond the power of any process of natural 
selection out of inferior endowments of an altogether 
different kind, and which no animals ever possessed, even in 
a rudimentary form. 
But not only is it the fact that no animals possess, or ever 
did possess, any of these faculties, but it is also the fact that 
all these exist potentially in the human infant of every race, 
savage or civilised; and their greater or less development 
depends solely upon the opportunities of instruction which 
such an infant enjoys, which again are dependent upon the 
circumstances of its environment. 
IT, Reason. 
In the few remarks which I shall make on this subject 
I shall advance some further considerations in proof of my 
position, by pointing out certain characteristics of the human 
mind which illustrate its absolute and wide separation from 
those categories of mental phenomena which are exhibited 
by the lower animals, and to which we apply the term 
Instinct. 
We have already especially dwelt upon the question 
whether animals possess innate ideas, and have answered it 
in the negative, upon the plain and simple ground that 
animals do not possess ideas at all, in the true meaning of 
the term, either innate or otherwise; because they are not 
capable of thought, and therefore a priori cannot possess, 
either at birth or at any subsequent period, ideas, Never- 
theless we have pointed out that animals are endowed with 
certain intuitions, which we denominate in the aggregate 
Instinct, and that these intuitions are innate or connate in 
all animals. We have shown reason, moreover, to believe 
that the endowments which animals do possess not only are 
born with them, but that they are sufficient for all the 
purposes of their existence; so that all that they do, and all 
that they know, they do and know without further imstruc- 
tion. 
But let us compare with the condition of such young 
animals that of the human infant. Instead of at once, or as 
soon as its stage of undevelopment and feebleness is passed 
through, entering upon its lite-duties with a fund of practical 
knowledge sufficient to carry it through every phase of 
