258 PROFESSOR RUDOLPH VIRCHOW. 
of hearing original lectures on this subject. In this place, there- 
fore, 1 would specially indicate the point—that these discoveries 
appear most valuable in one respect, that they represent inter- 
national prehistoric intercourse (not migrations, that we cannot 
know), and show the ways which civilisation once followed. I 
believe they will also tend to awaken somewhat greater modesty 
and amiability in international intercourse, than is sometimes 
found where the feeling of nationality is over-excited. If the 
different tribes would learn more to recognise one another as 
independent fellow-workers at the great tasks of humanity, if 
all had the modesty to acknowledge the merits of neighbouring 
tribes also, much of the contention that moves the world would 
disappear. 
“The revolution which has taken place in the department of 
Anthropological investigation is far greater than that in the depart- 
ment of Archeology. 
“When we met in Innsbruck twenty years ago, just at the 
time when Darwinism had made its first victorious march through 
the world, my friend, Karl Vogt, who, with his usual vivacity, had 
thrown himself into the ranks of the combatants, had, by coming 
forward in person, secured a decided advantage for Darwin’s views. 
It was then hoped that the idea of descent in its extreme form would 
be victorious, sharply defined and developed, not by Darwin, but by 
his followers. For it was not with Darwin, but the Darwinists, 
we had to dc. There was general expectation that man’s descent 
from the ape or from some other animal would be demonstrated. 
This was the claim set up, and posted inthe van. Every one knew 
of it, was interested in it, spoke for or against it; it was held to 
be the greatest problem of Anthropology that waited solution. 
Here may I remind you that Natural Science, so far as it is 
Natural Science, can be concerned only with actual objects. A 
hypothesis may be discussed, but it only attains importance when 
actual proofs are brought forward in its favour, either through 
experiment or direct observation. This, at least in Anthropology, 
Darwinism has not, up to the present time, succeeded in doing. 
In vain have the links which should bind man with the ape been 
sought; not a single one is to be recorded. The so-called Fore-Man, 
the Pro-anthropos, which should represent this link, has never yet 
been found. No man of real learning professes that he has seen 
