THE ORIGIN OF MAN. 261 
development of the skull, and that in the region of the temples. 
There, as in man, under the surface among the muscles different 
bones meet. From below, the great wing of the sphenoid bone 
with its upper edge is attached to the parietal bone (os parietale) ; 
the squamosal part of the temporal bone, on which the ear is 
seated, borders on this part posteriorly, and anteriorly the frontal 
bone. All four bones converge here in such a way, that the 
os parietale and the wing of the sphenoid bone, lying upon one 
another hold apart the temporal and frontal bones; they thrust 
themselves between, so that the latter cannot meet. But in the 
higher apes the temporal bone often throws out a long process 
forwards as far as the frontal bone, and thus separates the os 
parietale from the wing of the sphenoid bone. This is a 
characteristic and extremely striking distinction, which is of 
great importance, because, as a rule,nothing of the kind 
occurs in man. There are, however, individual men in whom this 
phenomenon, usual in the higher apes, is also found. If now we 
examine in large collections of skulls, and draw up statistics, the 
result is, that certain races shew this phenomenon oftener than 
others. So far as our knowledge extends, we are acquainted with 
three races in whom this occurs not very seldom. In the first 
place the Australian and the African, 7.e., black races; and then 
the yellow race in the Malay archipelago, especially dispersed 
over that chain of islands which connects New Guinea with 
Timor, and to which join on the Moluccas in the North, Australia 
in the South. I have lately discussed* a set of Alfurent skulls 
from Tenimber, among which this peculiarity appeared in several 
instances. At the same time another peculiarity was found, 
which I will briefly mention: it is the enormous formation of 
the jaw, most prominent in the strongly projecting edges of the 
arch of the jaw and in the teeth. With this projection 
(prognathy) is generally connected a great curving of the nose 
inward, not seldom with a very extreme flattening, as though some 
one had sat upon it; the bones of the nose in some cases had 
* Verhandlungen der Berliner anthropologischen Gesellschaft, 1889, p. 177. 
+ Alfuren, or Haraforen, a name given by the Dutch to the wild natives of 
the interior of Celebes and other islands. 
