294. H. B. GUPPY, M.B., 
500 yards wide, backed inside by low hills and inland cliffs, 
and terminating at the beach in a mound or dune of sand 
raised from 5 to 10 feet above it. Here and there a headland 
descends to the sea, and in places the coast terminates in 
cliffs, usually of moderate height, and formed of foraminiferous 
tuffs and clays, limestones, and volcanic rocks. Where coral 
reefs occur, they are usually scanty and broken, and * -long 
to the fringing class. It is only along shores fringed by reefs 
that the sea-border may be swampy. Numerous rivers, mostly 
shallow, and widening out at their mouths into large lagoons, 
descend to the south coast. 
The sand mound that borders the beach, forming, as I have 
just described, the raised border of the low sandy belt which 
is the prevailing feature of the south coast of West Java, is 
covered for the most part with Crinum asiaticum, Calotropis 
gigantea, Scevola Kenigiit, Pandanus sp., Ipomea pes capre, 
Triumphetta subpalmata, and last, but by no means least 
frequent, Spinifex squarrosus. In many localities, in fact, 
Spinifex squarrosus, Crinum asiaticum, and  Calotropis 
gigantea together occupy the entire surface of the mound, or 
it may be covered only with Pandanus. Just inside the 
mound littoral trees occur, Cycas circinalis and Hibiscus tiliaceus 
being often noticeable ; but the greater portion of the sandy 
belt inside is covered with short grass and spurges, being 
only dotted here and there with occasional pandans and some 
of the commonest littoral plants, such as Crinum asiaticum 
and Calotropis gigantea. 
Such are some of the more conspicuous characters of the 
prevailing littoral vegetation on the south coast of West 
Java, that is to say, wherever the sea-border is low and sandy. 
Where the coast is cliff-bound, pandans are very frequent. 
It is, however, along those shores that are to a greater or 
less degree fringed by coral reefs that we usually find the 
most varied littoral flora. On the coasts between Capes 
Mandaran and Genteng, where the sea-border is for the most 
part low and sandy and nearly destitute of coral reefs, we 
find in consequence the more varied flora only at rare inter- 
vals, For instance—to take the only locality with which I 
am personally acquainted—along the reef-girt shores a few 
miles east of Ranzaherrang occur the familiar and widely 
spread littoral trees, Scwvola Kenigii, Tournefortia argentea, 
Calophyllum inophyllum, Terminalia Catappa, Guettarda speciosa, 
and others; whilst Crinum asiaticum also may be sparingly 
represented. It is, however, on the coast west of Wynkoops — 
Bay, especially on the Bantam coast in the vicinity of Tjiara, 
