ON PEIMITIVE MAN : I. HIS TIMES AND HIS COMPANIONS, 2-47 



work, one of no mean ability. On fragments of bone or 

 ivory, and on tlie antlers of deer, he has left behind him 

 numerous most realistic sketches of some of the animals with 

 which he was familiar, his pencil, or rather engraving tool, 

 being doubtless a splinter of flint. Amongst these engravings 

 we may see figures of the reindeer, the horse, the bear, the 

 seal, and even the mammoth itself, all of them depicted with 

 remarkable truth to nature, and with what Professor Boyd 

 Dawkins justly terms "true artistic feeling," the mammoth 

 being represented on its own ivory, the reindeer on its antler. 

 In some instances the human form itself was drawn, thus 

 " the man of the first ages has revealed himself by his works. 

 Man associates himself by his relics with the extinct races, 

 man finally r(^veals his own existence by the reproduction of 

 his own likeness " (Marquis de Vibraye). 



We may in the next place see whether it is possible to 

 come to any conclusion as to the manner of life and the habits 

 of the Palaeolithic man, and so get some idea as to what race 

 he belonged. 



There can be little doubt that these men were nomads, 

 wandering from place to place, and even fi'om country to 

 country, living the hand-to-mouth existence of hunters and 

 fishermen. AVe imagine them as at first following the course 

 of rivers, and in winter, when these were frozen over, fishing 

 through holes in the ice, into which now and again the flint 

 hammer or axe would be ch-opped. We see them penetrating 

 into the bordering forests, where they would continually 

 encounter the wild fauna of the period, and have not un- 

 frequently to meet in deadly strife the formidable beasts of 

 prey, which were then so numerous. 



Man's only weapons in his struggle for existence would be 

 such rude stone or bone implements as have been described, 

 the axe or tomahawk, the lance, and at a someAvhat later 

 period, the bow and arrow. 



But what do we know as to the racial affinities of these 

 early inhabitants of the earth ? 



Implements of the S. Acheuleen type have been found in 

 every quarter of the world, not only in England and in 

 North-Westeru Europe, but also in Spain, in Italy, in Algeria 

 and Egypt, in Syria and Arabia, and even in India and 

 America. Were these men, whose industry was so similar in 

 all lands, all of one race ? We cannot tell ; it is only when 

 wo come to the consideration of the later stages of the 

 Falseolithic age that we are able to form an idea, at any rate 



