274 THE EEV. J. MAGENS MELLO, M.A., T.G.S., ETC.^ ON 



Whether the dog was actually domesticated and used by 

 these men in their hunting expeditions, we cannot know for 

 certain, but that it was sometimes eaten is evident from 

 the traces of cuts on the bones, they may, however, have 

 been driven to use their ally for food in times of 

 scarcity. 



A somewhat curious difiference between the mode in which 

 these early inhabitants of Denmark ate their food and our OAvn, 

 has been revealed by the condition of the teeth found in some 

 of the human jaAvs, the front teeth as well as the baciv were 

 made use of in mastication, clear evidence in the worn and 

 flattened crowns of the incisors shows that these were used as 

 grinders as well as the molars, this pecuHarity is said still to 

 be found amongst the Greenlanders, and it also existed 

 amongst the ancient Egyptians. 



That they cooked their food is evident, as amongst the shell 

 heaps remains of hearths with charcoal and calcined stones 

 occur. 



It is reasonable to expect that where men inhabited the sea 

 coast similar habits of life should be prevalent, and therefore 

 it is not surprising that ancient Kjokkenmoddings should be 

 found in all parts of the world ; examples are met Avith on 

 the Swedish coast, in Cornwall, I have also seen traces of 

 them in Glamorganshire and Carnarvonshire, others have 

 been found in Ireland, on various parts of the French coast, 

 in Portugal, and Sardinia. Shell heaps of a similar character 

 containing the works of man occur also here and there on 

 the shores of the United States, as well as in Brazil, and 

 even in Japan and Australia. 



In Portugal and also in Brazil the Kjokkenmoddings con- 

 tain the skeletons of human bodies which had been interred, 

 often, if not always, in the doubled-up position so character- 

 istic of the Neolithic burials. 



In discussing the shell heaps of Denmark and Portugal, 

 and dwelling upon the fact that polished stone implements 

 were apparently unknown as yet, and that no traces of 

 domestic animals except the dog are found, and also that no 

 agriculture was practised, Dr. Verneau concludes that the 

 men who accumulated the heaps were really the remnants of 

 the old Palaeolithic race, and mark the transition between 

 the Palaeolithic men and their Neolithic successors. 



I shall refer again to the question of the races present in 

 Europe during the Neolithic age, when I have passed in 

 review the principal eAddences of their existence. 



