276 THE EEV. J. ]\I.\GENS MELLO, M.A.^ F.G.S., ETC., ON 



That intertribal war Avas no uncommon occurrence is evi- 

 denced by the fact that lunnan bones still transfixed by flint 

 arroAV heads have been found in several localities in France, 

 amongst others b}^ M. Prunieres in the Lozere. 



On tlie chalk downs of the south of England may be 

 traced the lines of old fortified stations Avhicli are proved t'> 

 liave been Neolithic by the presence of numerous stone 

 weapons such as lance and arrow heads, and axes, and 

 within them are also found the old pit dwellings previously 

 described. Similar forts and camps are found in many other 

 parts of this country, and also in Belgium and in France. In 

 Belgium a notable example is that of Hastedon at Namur, it 

 is situated on a flat-topped hill, and surrounded by a rampart 

 of rough stones, within its area great quantities of flint 

 weapons and implements as well as pottery have been 

 found. 



General Lane Fox has observed that these Neolithic forts 

 were constructed with considerable military skill, so as to 

 defend the rich pasturages, and afford shelter and protection 

 against raiding attacks ; their great number seems to show 

 that the population must have been numerouSj and was prob- 

 ably split up into rival and often hostile tribes. 



Lahe Dwellings. 



Amongst the most remarkable remains of the Neolithic age 

 are those of lake dwellings, which have been discovered in 

 various places, more especially in Switzerland. In the shore 

 deposits of many of the Swiss lakes, or still beneath the 

 waters, have been found vast numbers of ancient Avooden 

 piles driven into the mud, and amongst these the relics of 

 the men whose habitations were constructed on the piles, in 

 a similar way to those which are still in use amongst the 

 natives of New Guinea, South America, and of the Malay 

 Archipelago. According to Herodotus such lake dwellings 

 existed in his time in the lakes of Roumelia, and similar con- 

 structions Avere in use in Italy, Ba\'aria, France, Scotland, 

 and Ireland, etc., during the Neolithic and the succeeding 

 ages. Amongst the most noted for the abundance of the 

 antiquities found in them, are the stations of Robenhausen on 

 Lake Pfeffikon, Wangen on that of Constance, JMoosseedorf, 

 Concise, and S. Aubin on the Lake of Neuchatel, and j\Ieilen 

 on the Lake of Zurich. 



The labour iuA^olved in the erection of such Aailages must 

 haA'e been immense. At Wangen, for instance, it has been 



