286 THE EEV. J. MAGENS MELLO, M.A., F.G.S., ETC., ON 



end was invaded by the Brachycephali, who were the first to 

 introdnce bronze into Europe. There is no doubt that in 

 this country the long-headed race was the earher of the two, 

 but when we turn to France we find both races in close 

 contact during Neolithic times, thus in the " Trou de 

 L'homme Mort" near Vialle (Lozere) M. Prunieres found 

 a number of skulls belonging to a Dolichcjcephalic race with 

 fsniall features and of short stature, whilst in other caves in the 

 yaiae district as well as elsewhere, both types of skull have 

 been met with, as well as some of an intermediate character, 

 denoting a probable intermingling of the races. The oldest 

 Neolithic skulls found in Spain are of the Dolichocephalic 

 type, and recent discoveries have shown that there as well 

 as in France and Britain the Brachycephali Avere the later 

 comers. Can we identify any of these men with those of 

 modern tmies ? 



A considerable number of eminent authorities, amongst 

 which are Professors W. Boyd Dawkins, George Busk, 

 Huxley, Dr. Thurnam, M. Broca and others have considered 

 that the long-headed small race, with black hair, and dark 

 eyes, found in Western Europe, and represented they say 

 by the Basques of the North West of Spain, and South West 

 France, as well as by a similar featured people met with in 

 Brittany and in our islands, are directly connected by blood 

 with the Neolithic Dolichocephalic race. M. Broca thought 

 the Basques wore identical in race with the Kabyles and 

 Berbers of Northern Africa, the ancient Lybians being of 

 the same stock, and to these have also been joined the 

 Guanches of the Canary Isles, whose manner of life and 

 civilization was said to be similar in very many respects to 

 that of the Neolithic age. Dr. Verneau would however 

 carry us further back, and holds that the Guanches were 

 refugees belonging to the old Madeleine race of the Palfeo- 

 lithic age, which he calls the race of Cro-Magnon, although 

 the Cro-Magnon skull has been shown to be Neolithic by 

 M. de Mortillet who however looks upon the so called Cro- 

 Magaon race as being directly descended from that of the 

 Madeleine epoch. 



But now we are met with various difficulties in connection 

 with these race questions ; there appears to me to be some 

 confusion amongst the difierent authorities as to what are 

 the true characteristics of some of these races. As we 

 have seen, a number of authorities describe the Basques 

 as a long-headed, small, and black-haired, black-eyed, 



