FRIliniVE MAN : II. NEOLITHIC MAN. 289 



animal remains found in the Kjokkenmoddings, the names of 

 which he says are common to the Aryan languages of 

 Europe, wliilst the human skulls found in the prehistoric 

 graves of Scandinavia are said to be identical in type with 

 those of the existing inhabitants. 



But there are, it seems to me, certain difficulties in 

 admitting the identity of the Neolithic men, especially the 

 lake dwellers of Switzerland, with the primitive Aryans ; 

 these, we are told, had not domesticated the horse, or the 

 pig, nor had they become acquainted with the sheep ; yet 

 the remains of these animals are found amongst the 

 lacustrine dwellings; both -the pig and the sheep are 

 common in all the Neolithic settlements, although the 

 sheep occurs later in time, and does not appear to have 

 been so abundant as the other animals ; Professor Riitimeyer 

 thought that the pig was not domesticated in Switzerland 

 till the Bronze age. Then there is another curious thing to 

 be noted in this connection, which is that whilst there is 

 abundant proof that the lake dwellers were acquainted 

 with, and made use of flax, yet the old Aryans do not seem 

 to have known it, whilst at the same time they were familiar 

 with hemp from the very first, and hemp has not been met 

 with amongst the Neolithic remains. Another important 

 point for us to consider is that the Neolithic lake dwellers 

 ■were certainly unacquainted Avith the metals, but it has been 

 asserted that the primitive Aryans were ffimiliar with some 

 ■of the metals before their migrations, and they had learnt 

 the art of metallurgy from a non-Aryan race before their 

 separation. How is it, then, that they are found, as Dr. 

 Penka tells us, in Central Europe in Neolithic times utterly 

 ignorant of metals in any form? It appears to me to be 

 more probable that the Aryans should have been the intro- 

 ducers of bronze into Europe than that they should have 

 been at first ignorant of it, and learnt their .metallurgy there 

 as the Neolithic age drew to a close. 



The general conclusion to which I am inclined is that at 

 the beginning of the Neolithic age Europe was occupied by 

 a dark non-Aryan race, or races, which gradually overspread 

 it, the general course followed being from eastwards towards 

 the Avest, and that both the fair-skinned races, the Dolicho- 

 cephalic blond type, as Avell as the Brachycephalic redhaired 

 Kymric, made their appearance at a somewhat later date. 

 Professor Sayce, who says the tendency of modern research 

 is to identity the Aryan type with the first of these, is 



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