PRIMITIVE MAN : II. NEOLITHIC MAN. 291 



ducers of metallurgy amongst the Neolitliic populations, 

 whether these were Aryan or non-Aryan, were, as far as can 

 be ascertained, that Brachycephalic race, the remains of 

 which are now to be found in the round barrows, and which 

 are also found mingled with those of the older Dolicho- 

 cephalic men of Neolithic age. These Brachycephali came 

 from the East, they are described as a tall reddish-haired 

 race, with a freckled skin, prognathous features, and 

 prominent cheek bones ; Professor Sayce's Kymric and Belgic, 

 in agreement with Professor Rolleston and M. Broca ; it is 

 the Sion race of Riitimeyer, and, according to Drs. Thurnam 

 and Priiner Bey, Turanian and Mongoloid. It was this race 

 which probably introduced tlie Keltic languages into Europe, 

 and with its advent the Neolithic history is brought to a 

 close. The Neolithic races as time passed on, became more 

 and more intermixed, the old civilization was supplanted by 

 one of wider culture, and the stone of early times replaced 

 by metal ; the peoples and languages of Europe, as we now 

 know them, were emerging from the dim twilight of pre- 

 historic times. 



The Peesident {Sir G. G. Stokes, Bart., F.R.S.).— I will ask 

 you to return thanks to the author of this very interesting paper. 

 (Applause.) I believe there are a good many present who are 

 desirous of taking part in the discussion. 



Mr. A. Smith- Woodward, F.G.S. — I am sure we have been 

 greatly interested in all that Mr. Mello has said, especially as it is 

 a great advantage to science to have some one to put together in 

 an authentic manner the precise state of our knowledge of the 

 subject. Unfortunately, the majority of those who take a general 

 interest in science and are not able to refer to original works, 

 have to trust, in many instances, to ordinary compilers who are 

 able, perhaps, to make things a little more readable than those 

 who go deeply into the scientific aspect of the subject. It is really 

 astonishing how some of those works, which are intended to be a 

 resume of our present knowledge, are extreme exaggei'ations ; and, 

 indeed, when those exaggerations are once started, there is no way 



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